Screwdrivers: types, functions, how to choose, manufacturers

Screw socket, Assemble the shelf, set the bracket difficult, if not at hand screwdriver. Universal models do not exist, despite the loud statements of manufacturers, so choose the right tool is not easy.

screwdriver device

The operating principle of the screwdriver is based on its structure, consisting of a handle, the rod and tip. The depth and width of the holes in which are screwed screws or screws, are different for different surfaces and workpieces.

Therefore, the purpose of the tool determines the shape and size of the tool.

Details screwdriver:

• rod - It allows you to choose a screwdriver under the parameters of the work. The longer it is, the greater the depth of the workpiece it is available.

• Slot tip or - working part of the screwdriver is located at the tip of the rod. Form slot is aligned with the risk on the head screws. If the screws come with risks in the form of a cross, then screw variations of form much more.

Under each of them is an individual slot.

• A pen - Provides easy to use tool. There are also additional functions related to ergonomics and display.

Screwdriver assembled works like this:

• It is inserted into the slot of the screw risks.
• The movement of the knob clockwise - screwing.
• Anticlockwise - wringing.
• Additional features include a button located in the upper or middle part of the handle.

types of screwdrivers

Screwdrivers are divided into types of slot type. Standard marking and its interpretation is listed next to the name of the form.

Screwdriver flat - SL or slotted

Other names - direct or pryamoshlitsevaya. The shape of the working parts - the flat blade.

• Suitable for simple screw with a single mark.
• Manufacturers further indicate the length, width or depth of the groove if it is assumed the use of tools for a specific fixture.
• Flathead screwdriver is most often used for simple electrical fixtures.
• The disadvantages include the inability to flat models centering - bit tends to slip out of the screw.

Force is applied to the opposite (diagonally), the outer edges of the slits.

Phillips screwdriver - PH or Phillips

Bit conical shape and four sides for fasteners with Phillips.

• Philips cruciform profile characterized by two slots arranged at right angles to each other.
• This embodiment offers a number of advantages in comparison with classical flat shape - more points of contact, increased working contact.
• Force is applied along the four edges - screwing less laborious.
• The disadvantage - as the force is applied in a narrow range, there is a risk of damage to screws or slot.

Hexagonal - H or HEX

These models or inbusy known by the working part with a cross section in the shape of the hexagon. In comparison to a simple cross-model torque is increased to 10 times.

It meets three options HEX-models:

• Interior - a protrusion located inside for fastening screws having a corresponding cavity. Form with six faces that are angled with respect to each other.

• External - projection on the rim, is applied to a non-recessed head fasteners. Can be used as an alternative wrench. This option is also hexagonal shape with six facets.

They stand at an angle of 120 degrees with respect to each other.

• Vibration resistance - model has an opening at the tip of bits coinciding in shape with a projection of the screw head. This provides stability and protection from vibration.

The functionality of all three types of identity.

Square - Robertson, Square Head

• Section in the form of a square.
• Four surfaces at right angles to each other.
• Opposite sides are parallel.
• Because of the small area of ​​the disc profile is not effective for transferring high torques.

This model is rare in Russia, virtually nonexistent in Europe, but is ubiquitous in the United States. It is used in addition to standard applications, the mechanics of vintage cars.

Phillips with guide - PZ or Pozidriv

Pozidriv profile is in the form of two crosses shifted at an angle of 45 degrees for a tight entry into the fixture.

• Additional cross narrower than the principal, and at depth. This provides additional stability and resistance.
• Pozidriv - improvement of the classic profile of Phillips.
• Four additional faces or in addition to the cross-beam profile are used to eject the tip.
• Phillips has a recess for the guide.
• It fits into the fixture than the simple Phillips form.

In the middle of the slot opening is provided for increasing the pressure force but it does not eliminate the disadvantages of the classical cruciform structure.

The star - TORX

Tool with grooves shaped like a six-pointed star.

• Used for transmission of high torque in comparison with classical variations.
• In operation, the slot is not damaged or screw.
• No danger of slipping tool, as sometimes happens with a flat profile.
• Due to the low radial forces extended tool life. This result is a combination of circular geometry splined lobes, side walls and a drive angle of 15 degrees.

TORX Vibration resistance has the same properties as the classical TORX. The difference is that the tool has a hole located at the tip, and the corresponding screw head is complemented by a small central pin.

Characteristics

Tool characteristics are read its full marking. For example, SL1 * 80 - flat-blade screwdriver to the rod diameter of 5 mm and a length of 80 mm, suitable for fasteners diameter less than 3 mm.

room	Ø rod	length of the rod	fasteners Ø
№0	4 mm	less than 80 mm	less than 2 mm
№1	5 mm	80-100 mm	2,1-3 mm
№2	6 mm	100-120 mm	3,1-5 mm
№3	8 mm	120-150 mm	5,1-7 ​​mm
№4	10 mm	150-200 mm	7.1 mm and more

In conjunction with the marking type (SL, HEX, PH and m. P.) Table gives a complete picture characteristics and the use of specific tools. Sometimes the marking is supplemented by an indication of ferro alloys from which made the slot.

function screwdrivers

Screwdriver equipped with an additional set of options, which are selected by type of work and the requirements of the instrument.

Electric installation work

The priority of shock protection and detection of electrical shock.

• dielectric coating - tools for working with live wiring. Electrical insulation can withstand 1000 volts. Such models often accompanies red marking.

• Tester probe - in screwdriver embedded device capable of detecting concealed wiring and the presence of current in the socket. When detecting the voltage source delivers the instrument light or sound signal.

Screwdriver indicator signals when clamping the upper part of the characteristic luminescence. Most often, these models are available in transparent cases.

Difficult operating conditions

For access to hard to reach places, unwinding rusted fasteners or extended volume of work is used special tools or means available.

In some models of screwdrivers include features that facilitate work in difficult conditions. Versatile option does not exist, the tool is chosen for a specific task.

• hard to reach places - for easy access used a screwdriver with a flexible rod. Most often in such models provide additional reinforcement, a spring or a magnetic frame bits.
• Handling tight fasteners - often difficult corrosive, tightly screw tack point to the surface. For such problems, apply a model that can withstand a suitable tool (hammer, chisel).

• prolonged work - most of these are processes that require multiple twist fasteners. To simplify the work used reversible screwdriver with ratchet.

If you have to screw over ten bolts used analogue mini screwdriver - battery screwdriver.

Different types of fasteners

To work with a heterogeneous fasteners used model with the function of bit shift. If you have to, work with flat and Phillips fasteners are preferred combo model.

Most often, this knob with push-rod, on which diverse types of fixed bits. Flip rod in combo models turns into the flat Phillips bit. Another embodiment - not removable rod with a magnet holder for replaceable slot.

For diverse works are not often specific model is selected, a set of screwdrivers. It is a small pouch or bag, which packed a few screwdrivers and only one - the base and a set of replaceable nozzles for her.

Equipment

Features slots in detail above, therefore, focus on the remaining components of the kit - handles and hinges.

handles

The handles are made of plastic or polikompozitnye. To reduce the slip is applied a rubber coating, recesses or notches. The coating gives the tool the ergonomics and convenience.

• ratchet - Join rukoyat- "ratchet", similar to those used in the composite socket keys. When the rod tip and rotate freely, and the handle is still gripped in his hand.

• T- - rotary type model with a curved top and solid, supporting the installation of an auxiliary arm.
• With heel - most often present in the drum kit of screwdrivers. Instead of embedding into the handle is applied through the course. Rod on the free end of the nozzle is thickened - the heel that cushions the load from the hammer blows.

Modified handles facilitate screwing / unscrewing or increase the strength of torque. Most often, the functionality is defined button or the reverse switch on the handle.

rods

Modifications of the rod allow you to add additional functionality to the tool.

• Standard length - extended or shortened screwdrivers model. length restrictions apply to the rod and handle. Suitable for processing hard to reach places. More common in the combo or flexible models.
• With the change of function of the tip - in the configuration tool it is equipped with a ratchet or a standard handle. Variant no mechanism involves the use of universal combo rod. Slots for such models are provided in the kit interchangeable bits.
• Faceted rod - a variant with a square or hexagonal cross-section (normal - round). It supports the use of leverage to add torsional forces. Lever acts toolbox.

There are magnetic models that support the capture of fasteners in awkward conditions. By external parameters correspond to the standard types of Slots.

accessories

Individual accessories not provided for screwdrivers. They are supplemented by a kit combining diverse types of attachments or screwdrivers.

Such a kit often comprises a housing with recesses for convenient location of base and replacement parts.

• Small or budget kits are small plastic cases.
• Professional models - suitcase with a handle for comfortable carrying, plastic or rubber coating.

Inside it contains a set of screwdrivers, replaceable heads or nozzles.

There are models, supplemented by safety equipment - anti-corrosion fluid, oil for the lubrication of metal components, cleaning brush.

Cordless models are complemented by a charger and a replaceable battery. Household variations often do without these accessories - the buyer to take care of the timely charge.

Features

Features screwdrivers are considered in relation to the type of spline tool.

For slot type

• flat - tool rolls the standard screws and screws, marking marked on the tip width. Suitable for mounting Phillips risk. Plane models are used for household and electrical needs.
• hex - for mounting hex risk. Distributed embodiments non-standard type, which are T-shaped rod with facets in the folded upper part.

Used to repair electrical, furniture assembly.

• The star - are used in the repair of household appliances and mobile phones. In everyday life are rarely used because they require special skills.
• Cross - the most suitable for home and professional use. There are models that support a combination of a flat screwdriver. Optimized for all types of tightening screws and screws suitable shape.

There spetsmodeli for narrow application adapted for use only with one or more kinds of fasteners:

• Spannery - The bi-pin variations for lifts with anti-vandal protection.
• Shamrocks (Tri-Wing) - for aircraft and sophisticated electronics.
• Asymmetric (Torq-Set) - only the aviation industry.
• Clutch - Truck Chevrolet and GMC.
• Pentalobe - pentahedral option for Apple equipment.

These models are not used in everyday life, but without the knowledge of their existence repair complex equipment is not always possible.

pros screwdrivers

Benefits are based on a complete set of screwdrivers and functionality. Comfortable set of options is not always replace the specific functions.

The basic advantages of the options:

• electrics or battery type - high speed;
• Reversible - support wringing fasteners;
• ratchet - the minimum load on the hands;
• drums - to cope with tight screws, which are usually not twist the screwdriver;
• indicator - the ability to determine the phase, the search for live wires;
• Dielectric - safe for electrical work are preferred when there is no way to disconnect the room.

Problems

Disadvantages that complicate operation, are also associated with a set of functions. The less screwdriver additional options, the higher the chance that the tool will last a long time.

Problem areas:

• Battery type - requires constant change or charge the batteries. In the conditions of a large repair facilities quickly fails. Most often this feature is common in Chinese art, the quality of which does not always meet the needs of Russian conditions.
• Ratchet - sensitive to abrasion and dust. The mechanism breaks down when used in dusty areas or on the construction site.
• Percussion - unaesthetic due to the metal casing, ergonomic rare models of this type.
• Indicator - the main problem is burnout indicator light, then the model is transformed into a regular screwdriver. Sound indication require a battery change.

Models with the thrust reverser in the list of problems is not presented as a mechanism rarely fails. Dielectric variation akin to the usual, the only difference in the coating, so their operation does not cause problems.

How to choose a screwdriver

Screwdriver is selected in accordance with the forthcoming tasks and the type of fixture, which is scheduled to work.

On the following parameters as an instrument say:

• durability rod - indicated on the housing. Preferred instrument with the option of strength in the range of 47-52 units of Rockwell. Figure below shows the probability indicated bends in the above - the propensity to crack.
• Alloy - universal considered Cr-V or chrome-vanadium. It maintains sufficient mechanical strength.
• Equipment - preferred ergonomic rubberized handle. The tool should not slip from his hands, even if they are wet. It is desirable to select bits to the magnetic sputtering to work comfortably with small fasteners.

Tool provides Russian producers comply with GOST 17199-88. The main body or the handle, in this case the marking is present.

Exploitation

The greatest danger when operating with a screwdriver bears misuse of the tool.

• Before starting work, select the appropriate type of screwdriver and make sure that the size of the working area corresponds to the size of the fastening profile.
• In operation, it is necessary to use only as intended, is not subjected to heating to temperatures above the permissible not to use a screwdriver, the tip of which is damaged.
• The handle must be isolated and deprived of chips, if you are working under stress.
• screwdriver rod should be placed along the axis of the fastener.

Guarantee

On hand tools under warranty, the term of which varies from 12 months to eternal service.

• The need to exchange the product or return the money spent there if screwdriver bought was defective, spoiled or broken through the fault of the manufacturer.
• Refusal to receive warranty service obtained in the case of non-compliance with the rules of use of the tool or mechanical damage.

Budget segment allows people not to go to service centers, and to buy a new instrument.

malfunctions

Faults in the base form screwdrivers limited breakage arms or slot blunt metal.

• If the handle is removable, it is replaced by an analogue. Models with integral handles for disposal. However, craftsmen fixed broken plastic by heating or using superglue.

• Blunted screwdriver erode through grinders and cutting disc, or Dremel Needle. The latter option is the most time-consuming. Sharpening screwdriver drive requires fixing it at an angle of 90 degrees to create the correct bevel.

Self-repair is possible only in the case of a dead battery or a blocked ratchet. When clogging mechanism tool disassembled, cleaned and lubricated by abrasive for prevention.

Models with complicated mechanics usually be repaired in service conditions.

screwdriver manufacturers

Supplier fiscal instrument from China. The company itself is located in Canada. They offer a wide range of hand tools. The warranty is valid only on the power tool, and is equal to 1 year.

German brand, the tool is available in China. Possess impeccable quality, reliability and ergonomics, the relevant European standards for work at a professional level. Warranty - 1 year.

The German company, which manufactures tools and accessories in different industries. It provides a huge selection (more than 17,000 items of goods). Warranty terms and conditions not listed.

Manufacturer of professional tools from Taiwan. The products are made from high quality materials by conventional standards. It applies to companies with high demands on equipment. Lifetime warranty on the products.

The Japanese manufacturer, which specializes in business machinery and tools, production of which takes place in China. Quality and durability are supported by a lifetime warranty and the international quality certificate.

The company, based in the United States, and the instruments are made in Taiwan. They specialize in hand tools for professionals and amateurs. The main qualities of products are innovative and convenience. the standard manufacturer's warranty - 1 year.

Young Russian manufacturer specializing in the production of the budget instrument, power equipment, thermal equipment. company's products are famous for high quality and useful life. The warranty on the instruments - 5 years.

A world leader in the manufacture of premium hand tools. It produces more than 3,000 kinds of tools that are renowned for quality and functionality. Warranty - 2 years.

Young Russian manufacturer specializing in the production of the budget instrument, power equipment, thermal equipment. Products are famous for good quality and useful life. The warranty on the tool - 5 years.