13 types of radiators: advantages, disadvantages, characteristics

The quality and efficiency of the heating system affects the creation of a comfortable environment in a residential area. One of the main elements of the heating system - a radiator, which transfers heat from the heated heat carrier via radiation, convection and conduction.

Are divided into groups depending on the material of manufacture, structures, shapes, applications.

One of the important details on what to look for when choosing - manufacturing material. The modern market offers several options: aluminum, cast iron, steel, bimetal heaters.

aluminum radiators

Heat exchangers made of aluminum complex heat the room by radiation and convection, occurring through movement of heated air from the lower section to the upper heater.

Main features:

• The operating pressure of 5 to 16 atmospheres;
• The thermal capacity of one section - 81-212 watts;
• The maximum temperature of heating water - 110 degrees;
• water pH is 7-8;
• The service life of 10-15 years.

There are two manufacturing methods:

1. Casting.

When elevated pressures are made separate sections of aluminum with silicon addition (no more than 12%), which are fastened to one heater. The number of sections is varied in one section may further attach.

1. extrusion method.

This method is less expensive and involves the manufacture of injection extruder vertical parts of the battery and the collector - silumin (aluminum silicon alloy). Details are connected, the addition or reduction of the sections is not possible.

Benefits:

1. High heat conductivity
2. Light weight, ease of installation
3. Elevated levels of heat, which contribute to the design features of exchanger.
4. Modern design, allowing to fit into any interior.
5. Due to the reduced volume of coolant in the sections, aluminum units quickly heat up.
6. Battery design allows embedding thermostats, thermal valve which promote economical consumption of heat by adjusting the coolant to the required heating temperature.
7. Easy to install, the installation is possible without the involvement of professionals.
8. External battery cover prevents the formation of paint peeling.
9. Low cost.

Disadvantages:

1. Sensitive to impacts and other physical effects, as well as pressure surges. These batteries are contraindicated for installation in industrial plants due to high pressure in the heating system.
2. The necessity to constantly maintain the level of water within the pH allowable value.
3. The contaminated coolant - water with solid particles, chemical impurities - damages internal protective layer of the walls, causing them to fracture, corrosion and fouling that reduces term operation. Requires the installation and cleaning filters.
4. Aluminum reacts with oxygen in the water is oxidized, whereby hydrogen released. This leads to gas in the heating system. In order to prevent fracture installation is required for venting device which needs constant maintenance.
5. Joints between the sections susceptible to leakage.
6. Aluminum radiators are incompatible with copper pipesWhich are often used in modern heating systems. With their interaction processes occur oxidation.
7. Weak convection.

steel radiators

Characteristics:

• Heat transfer - 1200-1800 W;
• working pressure indicator - from 6 to 15 atmospheres;
• hot water temperature is 110-120 C.
• Steel thickness - 1.15 to 1.25 mm.

Benefits:

1. Low inertia. Steel heat exchanger heats up very quickly and begins to give a warm room
2. Enhanced heat transfer by thermal radiation and convection
3. Long service life thanks to the simple design
4. Ease of installation
5. A light weight
6. Low cost
7. Attractive appearance, original design. Steel produced in various forms, allowing them to be placed vertically, horizontally and at an angle
8. Compatibility with the various materials used as anchorages
9. The high level of energy savings
10. Setting temperature controls
11. Simple design provides easy care

Disadvantages:

1. Low resistance to corrosion. Units of the thickest steel can withstand operation within ten years.
2. You can not leave for a long time without water inside, which is not suitable for district heating.
3. Inability to withstand strong water hammer and pressure surges, particularly in places of welds.
4. If the outer cover was originally applied to the defects, it will begin to flake off over time.

Depending on the number of panels and convector, or internal section, there are several types.

Type 10 has one panel without convector, 11 - one panel and a convector, 21 - two heating panels and one inner section, and so on are divided by analogy types 22, 33 and others. Three-panel heat exchangers have a heavy enough weight, slower heat and require more complex care.

Cast iron radiators

They are made of several identical sections of molten iron and sealingly connected to each other. When installing such a heater is necessary to determine the number of sections, which depends on the floor area, number of windows, floor height, corner location of the apartment.

Characteristics:

• Withstanding pressure of 18 atmospheres;
• Hot water temperature - 150 C;
• Power 100-150 watts;

Benefits:

1. Resistance to corrosion. Iron - resistant material, the quality of the coolant does not affect the functionality.
2. For a long time after the cessation of heating retains heat.
3. The service life of 30 years or more.
4. Compatibility with other materials.
5. Enhanced heat transfer due to the vertical arrangement of the internal ribs.
6. Heat resistance, strength.
7. Due to the internal diameter and volume sections creates minimal flow resistance and no blockages occur.

Disadvantages:

1. Heavy weight, which creates difficulties with installation and relocation.
2. Slow heating.
3. The inability to build a temperature controller.
4. The complexity of care and coloring.
5. The outer coating is not stable, it can flake and peel. For this reason, there is a need for periodic staining battery.
6. Unpresentable appearance.
7. Increased fuel consumption due to the large internal volume.
8. Cast iron heat exchanger porous inner surface, collects dirt on themselves, which will eventually lead to deterioration of the battery heat transfer qualities.

bimetallic radiators

For this type of device include an aluminum body and steel pipes inside. They are most common in a residential installation.

Characteristics:

• operating pressure index - from 18 to 40 atmospheres;
• Thermal power - 125-180 W;
• Acceptable coolant temperature is from 110 to 130 degrees;
• The warranty period on average 20 years.

species:

1. Bimetal 100%, mp. E. inner core consists of steel, the outer part - made of aluminum. They are stronger.
2. Bimetallic 50% - of the steel pipe composed only those that enhance the vertical channels. At a cost they are cheaper than the first type, and heat up more quickly.

Benefits:

1. Long service life without the need for maintenance.
2. Elevated levels of heat transfer. This is achieved by rapidly heating a small aluminum panels and the internal volume of the steel core.
3. Strength, durability, resistance to mechanical shocks and pressure surges.
4. Resistance to corrosion through the use of high strength steel with a special coating.
5. Light weight, ease of installation.
6. Aesthetic appearance, which fit into the interior.

Disadvantages:

1. Expensive.
2. During the descent of water from the heating system, while exposed to air and water, the steel core may be subjected to corrosion. In this case it is better to use a bimetallic model with a copper core and aluminum panels.
3. Aluminum and steel differ in thermal expansion rates. Therefore, heat transfer is possible instability characteristic crackling noise and the device, in the first years of operation.

According to the structural features are divided into the following types:

1. sectional
2. panel
3. tubular

sectional radiators

Devices consisting of identical sections joined together, within each of which is held between two and four channels through which coolant moves.

Housing with sections going desired thermal power, length, shape. They are made of different materials - steel, aluminum, iron, bimetals.

Benefits:

1. Possibility to use custom sections or remove unnecessary depending on the desired coil length and area of ​​heated space.
2. Improved heat dissipation, produced entirely by radiation and convection.
3. Increasing the number of sections, increased radiator capacity.
4. Low cost.
5. Economy.
6. Setting temperature controls.
7. Different spacing allows the heater everywhere.

Disadvantages:

1. Joints between the sections exposed to water leakage, while sharply increasing pressure may differ.
2. Difficulties in avoiding associated with the removal of dirt in the space between the sections.
3. The inner surface has a roughness of sections, creating blockages.

panel radiators

It consists of two treated corrosion protection of metal sheets fastened together by welding. Inside the panels along the vertical circulating coolant channels and are attached to the back side ribs to increase the heated surface area in the form of P.

Panel heat exchangers are divided into one, two - and three-row, are made of steel.

Benefits:

1. A variety of panel boards sizes allows to select for heating in accordance with the area space. Depending on the size increases or decreases power. Large surface area panels has a high emissivity.
2. Due to the low inertia of the battery is quick to respond to changes in temperature.
3. A light weight.
4. With its compact design, the battery placement is possible in remote places of the room.
5. Low cost.
6. For heating panel radiator must be several times less than the amount of water than the sectional.
7. Aesthetic appearance.
8. Ease of installation due to the integrated design.

Disadvantages:

1. The impossibility of application in high pressure systems.
2. They need to clean the coolant without chemical impurities and dirt.
3. Inability to increase or reduce the size of heating as in the case with the section.
4. When poor paint protective material, the formation of corrosion.
5. Sensitivity to waterhammer.

tubular radiators

It consists of a number of vertical tubes 1 to 6, connected by lower and upper manifold. Through simple design ensures smooth and efficient circulation of the coolant.

the heat transfer rate depends on the thickness of the tubes and aggregate sizes that range from 30 cm to 3 m. The working pressure indicator, the withstand tubular models of up to 20 atmospheres. of steel produced.

The main advantage - resistance to pressure drops. Rounded edges and the shape of the tubes do not allow them to accumulate in the dust and other contaminated surfaces. Appearance stylish and modern, the variety of forms allows you to create a design model for any interior. Strong welded joints eliminates water leakage.

Disadvantages: susceptibility to corrosion, and cost.

Due to convection, such radiators thoroughly heated indoor air.

When you create comfortable living conditions for the attention paid to details, which must integrate harmoniously with the design of residential and public premises. Often, in the incarnation of the design project, you want to blend in with it each element.

The heater also has a variety of forms that can create integrity of the interior. These include vertical, flat, mirror, floor, baseboard devices of different materials.

vertical radiators

Units with vertical placement have been established for those cases when the room has no capacity. It depends on both the interior design, as well as on the size or irregularly shaped living space.

Vertical heat exchanger can be made part of the interior, and not hide behind the decorative elements. The main difference - the size of which is longer than the width, and vertical placement on the wall. The device of this kind is indispensable in a room with panoramic windows.

The vertical radiator can be varied designs - panel, tubular, sectional, and are made of different materials - iron, steel and aluminum. By the method of connection to the heating system distinguish lateral, lower and diagonal.

Benefits:

1. A large assortment of shapes and sizes, colors.
2. Compactness, which is achieved by reducing the length of the battery along the wall.
3. Decorativeness is also expressed in all its invisibility fastening and connecting elements.
4. Easy installation, which is achieved thanks to the low weight and the integrity of its structure.
5. A large area to increase heat transfer.
6. The speed of heating.
7. For heating does not require large amounts of water, which helps to save money.
8. Easy care.

Disadvantages:

1. Expensive
2. Perhaps a drop of thermal heating characteristics due to the fact that the air from the top will always be warmer than the lower. Accordingly, the upper part will give less heat than the bottom.
3. The uneven distribution of heat over the entire floor space because the radiant heat is accumulated in the upper part of the room.
4. It is recommended to incorporate a battery with a reducer for the normalization of the internal pressure.

In other cases, the advantages and disadvantages correspond to those which are peculiar to each type of conventional batteries - sectional, tube, panel.

Factors affecting performance:

1. One- or two-pipe system connecting the sema. The first is less economical in the consumption of water but easy to install and does not require undue costs.
2. water supply type in - upper, lower, side.
3. Method of connecting to the heating system. Universal considered diagonal connection.

flat radiators

For a compact placement and release the space used plane models.

Characteristics:

• The smooth front panel, which does not allow dust to build up on it.
• Dimensions - 30 cm to 3 m.
• It consumes a small amount of water that can easily be controlled by thermostats.
• Lower and side connection.
• It used as a decorative element, severe forms or bright colors.

The functioning of a similar panel and sectioned, between two metal sheets circulates coolant, if the heater is laid, obtained electric flat embodiment.

Working pressure of up to ten atmospheres, the maximum heating water - 110 C. Distinguish between one-pane, two-panel and three-panel heaters.

The main advantage - compact size and rapid heating. In addition, they are easy to clean, have an attractive and stylish appearance. Decoration plane exchangers allows to enter in any room design, and the mirror surface will replace the mirror. Shallow depth of installation and is a good indicator of the thermal radiation.

Among the shortcomings inability to install in wet areas to avoid corrosion, and high cost.

Floor radiators

Radiator, similar to conventional wall heat exchangers, but placed on a horizontal surface. It consists of a heat exchanger with a circulating coolant therein surrounded by plates of aluminum or steel and the closed metal crate or outside the protective casing.

Provided with a valve for removal of air and connected to pipes of any diameter. The only difference from wall options - outdoor cooler is attached to the floor or stand-alone is worth it.

Characteristics:

• Indicators working pressure up to 15 atmospheres;
• The heating temperature of the external shell - 60 degrees;
• coolant temperature - 110 C;
• Dimensions in length up to 2 meters in height on average - 1 m.

They are made of iron, aluminum, steel, composite metals. Many of the models are transformed from the wall in the interior, and vice versa, by means of brackets.

Advantages:

1. Fire - and injury-preventing.
2. Uniform heating of the room.
3. A variety of shapes and sizes under the style of the interior and at the buyer's request.
4. The use of copper in the heat exchanger improves the anticorrosion quality, increases service life.
5. Integrated electronic and automated management.
6. Economy.
7. Installation is possible anywhere in the room, which is supplied with hot water supply pipe.
8. Providing natural convection.
9. Built-in advanced features heat and purify the surrounding air.
10. Outdoor heat exchanger - a convenient option in areas where there is the possibility of installing the wall because of the weight, or panoramic windows.
11. Compact dimensions.
12. Increased heat.
13. Resistance to mechanical stress.

Disadvantages:

1. You may have problems with installation, as the installation of a floor radiator includes liner pipe hidden under the floor.
2. The cost of copper pipes and aluminum fins is quite high. Cast iron models are cheaper, but have a lower thermal conductivity. Steel floor models have low emissivity.

Radiators

A comfortable atmosphere in the bathroom, the lack of moisture, odor, maintaining an optimal level of moisture will provide a properly installed heat sink.

Separated by the method of heating and form:

1. Water heated by flowing water

Are attached to the heating system of the house wall by conventional method. Optional thermostats may be equipped with means which set the required surface temperature.

As topcoats water unit is recommended to use stainless steel, copper or brass.

1. electrical

It operates autonomously internally embedded heating element, from the network. Ease of installation. It is not able to heat the entire area of ​​the bathroom, so it is advisable to use it in conjunction with other heaters, for example, with floor heating system. In addition, this type of service is more expensive than water.

1. Combined: water and electric.

Able to operate the heating system and from the network. Of the minuses - the cost. There are simple shapes and design.

Depending on the material are distinguished:

1. Cast iron.

Pros: high heat, cheap price, good service life.

Cons: unattractive appearance. If there is no protective resin layer peeling occur external paintwork and the battery loses appearance.

1. Steel.

Cons: susceptibility to corrosion, the occurrence of leakage with time, which under the strong pressure of the water hole punched.

1. Aluminum.

Pros: light weight, compact size, attractive appearance.

Cons: not suitable for a central heating system, since it does not tolerate contaminated water hammer and sand and chemical impurities coolant.

1. Bimetallic.

Pros: service life (up to 20 years), good heat transfer performance, resistance to waterhammer and pressure drop.

Cons: cost.

1. Infrared.

Pros: comfortable fit anywhere bathroom, saving valuable floor space, the possibility of temperature control, heated objects in the room.

Cons: high cost.

Battery heating in the bathroom, regardless of the type and shape, you can close the decorative panel. Since the surface is not subjected to external influences at a constant quantity of radiant heat.

Radiator for apartments

In apartment buildings, each unit can not be used effectively for many years.

It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the district heating system:

1. The coolant has a contamination in the form of various chemical impurities that can eventually lead to corrosion.
2. Solid grains of sand and other blockages over time effect on the walls of the pipe, calling them abrasion.
3. The water temperature is changed, as well as the level of acidity.
4. pressure surges cause divergence weld joints on the walls.

selection parameters:

1. Specified by the manufacturer in the unit operating pressure exceeds the pressure in the heating system.
2. Heating device resistant to surge.
3. The inner wall surface of the heat exchanger must be with a special protective coating that protects against chemical impact elements on each other, and the thickness should resist physical shocks clogging particles inside.
4. Choose stands with the greatest heat transfer.
5. The duration of life.
6. Exterior design.

Options, suitable for installation in the flat:

1. Bimetallic.

Suitable for all the necessary parameters for the installation and long service life in a multi-storey apartment houses. Hydroblows withstand the maximum working pressure up to 50 atmospheres, the inner and outer processing sheeting retains corrosion and wear surface.

Lightweight creates ease of installation, and look attractive in any interior. The only negative - expensive.

1. Cast iron.

Long life, the thick walls, resistant to corrosion, the chemically passive material such heat exchangers creates the conditions for use in the apartment. Cast iron retains heat for a long time compared to other materials. Heated radiation effective convection.

Good heat dissipation, reasonable price, while draining the water from the system of the inner surface does not rust. Cons - too much pressure surges iron can not stand, has a heavy weight and a hassle during installation.

Not suitable for installation in the flat:

1. Steel.

Can not withstand pressure, typical of the district heating system, in spite of the great heat and economical use of resources.

1. Aluminum.

Aluminum rapidly corrodes in contact with water with chemical impurities and its level of pH, can not withstand much pressure in the heating system.

Suitable bimetal and cast iron. If the height of the house is over five floors, the apartment was originally installed is not cast-iron battery, it is recommended to mount bimetallic.

Radiator suitable for private homes

For right choice of heater into a private house you need to rely on the following features of the autonomous heating system:

1. In contrast to the centralized heating system, an autonomous running at a low pressure and without admixtures of chemicals.
2. The absence of large pressure drops.
3. acidity of the water level is relatively constant.

Before choosing a need to make an accurate calculation of the heat of combustion in accordance with the floor area.

It should take into account the heat loss of the building to pick up the correct power. Another important factor is its size, as well as value for money.

Features:

1. Steel.

Sectional and panel types are an affordable option with good heat dissipation and attractive appearance. In a private house with big windows allowing to block access to cold air from outside.

Tubular steel similar in positive performance, but the price is higher.

Advantages of steel heat exchangers for use in a private home: light weight, convenient size, long life, cost and lack of oxidation of the low-quality coolant.

Cons: need constant filling with water to avoid corrosion, maintenance times three years in order to avoid blockages inside the battery, as well as the sensitivity to mechanical stress.

1. Aluminum.

Due to its large thermal capacity, the aluminum heat exchanger is suitable for autonomous heating systems. For long-term service need to monitor the level of water pH.

When choosing such a radiator type need to make an accurate calculation of the floor area, otherwise there is a risk of the temperature difference between floor and ceiling. They must be equipped with temperature sensors, pressure and mud filters.

1. Bimetallic.

Characteristics suitable for use in a private home, but the high cost. As an autonomous heating system does not require resistance to powerful pressure surges and aggressive environment of coolant, you can find a profitable option with the required quality of service parameters.

The cost of bimetallic radiator will pay off due to long service life.

1. Cast iron.

Due to the fact that the cast iron radiator cools slowly, it is possible to save on fuel resources. Increased resistance to corrosion and strength in relation to low-value capable of ensuring a long service life, which is suitable for heating private houses.

Drawback - requires periodic maintenance, cleaning, painting, the need for durable fastening iron battery.