How to use the effect: animated photo instruction ◀ ️

Level - the main tool in the work of surveyors, builders, designers, surveyors. In the most general sense, it is a device that determines the height difference on the ground. Perfect leveling and for masters repairs. It will be useful when the construction of the gazebo, Laying the foundation greenhouses, It can find application in the alignment portion, laying tracks and pouring a parking space. However, despite such a simple principle and simple tasks, few people know what this device is and how to use a leveling instrument correctly. And some domestic masters prefer their own eyes, or advanced optical laser technology. After reading this review and amateurs and professionals can take a fresh look extremely useful for many to level the instrument, seemingly simple, but very important tasks.

Leveler and leveling - what is it

Level - a technical device that allows surveyors and builders are doing high-altitude measurements of points on the plane. Its main task - to build a stable horizontal with respect to which any deviations become visible.

If you look through the eyepiece of modern devices, it is clear that, apart from the subject approach, level imposes on its image of thin lines of a system called Reticle sight buttons or threads. This creates a grid pattern over the object of the vertical and horizontal strips, and which is oriented person.

Leveling - a process geodesy via leveling. In other words, this definition is the difference in height of two or many points of the earth surface in relation to conventional level (e.g., sea level, rivers, etc.) Or excess.

Laser leveling model can draw such lines directly on the site. In the laser device construction lines is 360 ° in several planes.

Types of leveling, and where they are used

Variants of using a leveling:

Some ignorant in the construction of the readers may ask the difference between a level of the laser level. Levels - a versatile tool that can not simply be projected point, but also to do a circular leveling at an angle to a given plane. However, in some laser models, it starts beeping at an inclination unpleasant, swearing that the broken plane, however, it does not prevent leveled adequately do their jobs. Such self-leveling lasers will be the best choice for a person who is engaged in laying the slabs and inclined structures. To date, two types of these devices are: optical and laser. Consider how to use each type of leveling instrument.

Optical and laser levels how to construct

Optical or prismatic Levels are used by professionals more often. They represent a device which consists of a main unit and the stand (trigger). Consider what elements it is composed.

The main part of the device is an optical lens system with the pipe. They are able to approach the objects to twentyfold or more increase. The optical level all the actions carried out by hand: fixing the position, alignment, setting up focus eyepiece, adjust the position of the telescope. The tool body are integrated means for determining the level. For more information about the operator will be discussed in the next section of this article. According accuracy class of optical devices are divided into three groups. This marking is accepted as a basis for producing and measuring accuracy classes:

1. Technical adaptations. Are labeled H-10, H-12, etc.
2. Exact device. Are labeled from N-3 to N-9.
3. Especially accurate devices. Are marked H-0.5 and H-2.5.

Figures markings indicate flaws in measurement in mm / km. Therefore, even technical equipment will give a deflection of approximately 1 cm by 1 km distance to the object. This will be sufficient to perform the correct planning of the majority of works on construction.

optical leveler

On a more modern laser models, the main element in the devices of this type - LED emitter. The light beam, which creates a device can build a projection on the plane. Depending on the model, the device can project a laser beam vertically and horizontally, or along the perimeter of the intersecting lines form in 360 °.

In purpose and design features laser levels can be:

1. Rotary. Such devices are equipped with special motors. Laser head rotates 600 revolutions per minute at a speed. Due to this, it is possible to project the beams by 360 °. If necessary, the speed can be changed in order to achieve greater clarity rays. This type of leveling will be indispensable in the performance of the external or internal room decorationAs well as during installation PVC windows.
2. Projection. The device can project a line of several planes simultaneously. Due to the fact that such a beam is visible bad in daylight, such a model often used indoors. Range Projection of such devices is typically less than 35 meters.
3. Point. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that only the surface of the projected point. In this case the laser moves in a vertical and horizontal plane, which facilitates the measurements and makes alignment surfaces on the ceiling and walls.
4. Linear. They are somewhat similar to a conventional flashlight. When activated, it appears perfectly visible beam line, in accordance with which you can quickly and easily make notes.
5. Combined. Such devices are able to build up to six types of lines: the steep, sloping lines up, down, left and right. The laser thus works both linear and point.
6. Flatness. They are called builders planes. Its use in their work professional surveyors. With this device it is possible to determine the zenith and nadir points on the surface, to project a line diagonally, vertically, horizontally, and also to determine the height difference of various subjects.

leveling laser

Advantages and disadvantages of optical and laser devices

Among the main advantages of optical levels can be called their autonomy, reasonable price and high quality of the measurements. To operate the instrument does not need any batteries or plug. On the other hand, measurements alone do not work. To work with this type of leveling instrument definitely need two people. One records a special line for leveling it with a scale printed on the price of 10 mm fission while his partner makes all the necessary measurements, parallel recording the necessary information in notebook.

Working with the leveling instrument in this category is not very complicated, because the device is not fussy to weather conditions, such devices typically are made of strong materials, and have a moisture dust protection. The main thing - to understand how to use a leveling instrument and rail.

Important! Each optical unit has a passport. In it must indicate the date of the last calibration. Check such devices not less than once in special shops licensed for three years.

As for the laser devices, they are more suited for domestic work. What is a laser level, and how it differs from the optical? They do not require the participation of unauthorized persons, they are versatile and easy to use. The only drawback - the need to connect to the network of electricity or use of batteries. In this case, can be a useful built-in automatic shut-off. It is programmed by the user for a certain time period after which the device is switched off.

Stepwise fotoinstruktsiya for leveling optical device

For proper installation and configuration of an optical leveling, we need: self-leveling, tripod and measuring rod.

How to set up the tripod

The main task when you install a tripod - to observe the correct horizontal base.

Illustration	Description of the action
	We reach a tripod is thrown back clips, put forward the tripod legs to the height you want us to. Each of the three legs thanks to a special sliding sliders extended and tightly secured at the desired height, with the difference can be as significant, and miserable. We fix the height, clamping clip.
	In order to stand was the most rigidly fixed in the ground, we need to press a special foot bandwagon.
	We reach leveling of the box, and put on a tripod by using a special screw holes to fix the base.

This design allows the leveling to a tripod evenly, firmly and stably even on a bumpy surface.

Installation and adjustment of leveling

Illustration	Description of the action
	To align the leveling we are launching it so that the two lifting screws were on the right and left of the device, and the third was on the front part.
	Rotate the two side screws in opposite directions, we are seeking to "bubble" of air is on the central axis to the mark.
	And now we begin to rotate the screw, located on the front of the leveling, and move the air bubble has a vertical level of the device. During the setup of each subsequent bubble level to draw attention to the behavior of the previous one.

Important! After installation of the bubble in the "zero point" level should be turned 180 ° and check the bubble remained in place or moved. If he moved, the regulated already hex wrench and two screws on the leveling (paragraph in the manual), and only after that you can measure.

Adjusting the focus of the device

Before you start working with the instrument, you must correctly set the focusing optics. Each person adjusts her under his vision. The stages are as follows:

Illustration	Description of the action
	Ask a partner to get out of the rack on the first measurement point. When measured rail must be held vertically. To do this, focus on the spirit level, that comes complete with a leveling instrument.
	Now, via the collimator, which is located at the top of the leveling, suggesting it.

Measurement and fixation values

When the instrument is exactly enough focused and aligned on the level, you can proceed to the measurement data and their fixation.

Illustration	Description of the action
	We set up the level as long as we will not be well seen shashechek. Look, where the rail is shown horizontal strip filaments. This is our first countdown on the rail.
	We fix data.
	After that we perform the next point on the same principle as that of the first. We write the data and verifies performance. Thus, we know exactly what a point above and below which and by how much.

Important! If the level is required to install directly above a certain point, after all the settings it is centered. To this end, the clamp screws hung a plumb, level and then begin to move on to the tripod head until the plumb line will not appear clearly on the set point. When centering is completed, the record level again locking screw.

As used optical level for the base unit

Let's say we need to prepare and line the bottom of a small area a single-family house. First we determine the average elevation at the site. For this purpose, all the values ​​obtained (except for a pure floor mark) must be summed and divided by 20. Suppose the average value was 1.7 m.

Illustration	Description of the action
	The first stage - drawing layout in a grid.
	To do this, we use special wooden structures.
	For each point, via rack and leveling elevation was determined.

The next stage - the digging of the pit. In our case, the minimum value of the height was 1.55 m, the maximum -. 1.7 m net floor level appeared at around 1.25 M. Based on the obtained data, define the required thickness of the filling layer under our base: it will be 1.7 - 1.25 = 0.45 m.

How to use optical levels in the construction of the foundation

The algorithm is almost identical to the preparation of the base, with the only difference being that in this case foundation ready, if only want to align. Thus, the sequence of works:

1. Set the level so that clearly visible foundation every angle in a relatively narrow field of view (90 ° or less). This will help get rid of the errors associated with turns leveling at large angles. To minimize the error, set the level of foundation as low as possible.
2. Since helper retaining rail prostrelite outer corners a, b, c, d and record their height. In this example, the highest angle b.
3. From the height of the highest altitude angle other angles subtract and record the difference - it is the thickness of gaskets.
4. Output pads angles to the level of the high angle with a tolerance of ± 1,5 mm.
5. Give between braid angles. Pulling the cord horizontally, place the steel spacers between the sleepers and the foundation for all the logs, beams and point loads.
6. For rough sleepers to fit the cord in the right places, place pads.

These are general guidelines when working with leveling instrument at different stages of construction Housing construction.

Errors are permitted by using an optical leveling

For beginners, the first start working with levels, it is important to take into account some special features:

1. It is important to ensure the safety of the device. Though he is protected by all sorts of coatings, but is sensitive to shocks and jolts. In order to completely eliminate instrument errors, should take care of that all fasteners and parts were in working order and functioning normally.
2. Do not miss the chance to use additional supports and fasteners. This will keep the device even when a sudden gust of wind.
3. Should not completely trust the information given in the instructions. It should independently verify the possibilities of the instrument. If you buy a new device is not, it is better to spend it is proving in a specialized institution.
4. Keep in mind that when working with leveling necessarily need a partner.
5. And during the installation of the rack it must be exactly on the surface in order to avoid distortions. Even if it is a ravine or a hole, line must rest on the bottom.
6. Avoid overheating. This may affect the accuracy of measurements.

How to work with lasers. Educational program for beginners

Why the need for laser level - to list all device tasks in one article is extremely difficult. We will tell you about how it can be used and what its features.

Structure and working principle of three-dimensional laser leveling

The main advantage of the laser tool is in direct projection line or to the surface of the ceiling point, walls, which can be seen on the measuring line or rail. This allows you to immediately begin the leveling work and at the same time control the outcome.

Consider the device and the principle of the two-dimensional laser leveling.

Illustration	Description of the action
	Household level - is often a compact device. In our case, the model Fukuda 3D (Firecore 3D), the housing is only one switch, which allows you to enable or disable the device.
	Included: the swivel base, plastic tee, and carrying bag.
	The device runs on batteries. Battery compartment for 4 batteries.
	The base unit has a fastening 1/4 inch for connection to the base for these purposes any suitable support, e.g., from the camera.
	Included is an adapter, it is also a rotary base, there is already 5/8 inches, which is suitable for specialized geodetic tripod or pole.
	The device creates a cross-hair on the floor and the ceiling.
	To save power the plane switched alternately, you can use any one or two.

How to measure the distance Lasers

Some devices have a special device in its range finders, it will automatically not only to build the plane, but also to calculate the distance. Otherwise you will have to use the regular roulette.

How to use lasers with floor unit

Laser level - an indispensable device in the device lag floor. After switching on the device, he immediately draws a zero level on the perimeter. Provided that the appliance is installed perfectly straight, your task - to simply make a mark on the perimeter.

The planes can measure any dimensions. After laying the lag level will help to control the quality of work.

How to use when dealing with walls

Large field for leveling opens in the walls. It can be used to control brick masonry, installation lighting devices and shelves, alignment handrails in stairways, Flat packing panels and tilesAs well as in other works, where it is necessary to determine the exact location of the object relative to a certain plane.

How to check the accuracy of the laser leveling

To check the accuracy of the laser level, there are many ways. The easiest - to check in a small room, which can easily be measured independently for further calculations. Set laser level exactly halfway between two walls located at a distance of approximately 20 m apart. Includes a laser level and a note on the wall point indicated by the laser cross. Builder pivoted laser planes 180 ° and mark the point on the opposite wall, put it at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal planes.

Then transfer the laser level to one of the walls, set at a distance of 0.6-0.7 m from the wall and do the same marks on the walls, by analogy, as described above.

We measure the distance between points A1 and A2, and between currents b1 and b2. Subtract obtained from another distance (a1 and a2) - (b1 and b2), compare the obtained value with the stated accuracy if the resulting value is less than the stated accuracy of the instructions, then your laser level shows a horizontal plane right. Learn more about how to work with lasers and calculate its error, see this video:

As used rotary laser levels in open terrain

Rotary laser levels - one of the few that are at the expense of the speed of rotation of the laser head can project a bright ray, visible even in bright sunlight. That's it, along with the optical, often used by professionals in the open construction sites.

The peculiarity of such leveling is that they can perfectly work as a plane of 360 °, ie covering all around him, and a dot. For example, the scan function allows you to select only the area where you want to align the doorway or window. When using this function displays leveling laser beam only in a specific place (the wrap angle is set in the settings).

findings

If you do not know how to choose the right laser level, it is important to remember that the characteristics of each device, and hence the price, directly depend on the tasks that you are putting for myself. For household needs will be enough domestic appliance with a range of 10 to 40 meters. This will be sufficient to carry out the necessary work both indoors and building a house or garage in the country.

If you have questions that you would like to ask the author of this article, leave them in the comments, and share your experience with the device.

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