Floating foundations: what it is, where it is used

If your site is under construction located at the heaving or shaky ground - certainly have a problem with foundation. In this case, not suitable traditional bases. But there is a solution: it is difficult and expensive, but you are guaranteed success. What it is? Floating foundation - is the answer to the question. On this page we HouseShief.ru detail will tell you about its pros and cons, and the kinds of handwritten installation.

Types of floating bases that can be used on clay, swampy and heaving soils

Floating foundation - a reinforced metal concrete slab. This base has a high load carrying ability and resistance to stress at break. Such a base no matter how deep groundwater are located, and how the soil freezes in winter.

In the grounds there are four swimming main types: Swedish, solid, columnar and ribbon. Let us examine them in detail.

foundation type "Swedish stove"

Its specific name Swedish stove gained through descent. This type of foundation devised and mostly used in the Nordic countries. Now this technology have adopted and home builders.

Plate itself does not have much penetration, so that the groundwater level is not important to her. Swedish stove copes with loose and friable soils subject to seasonal shifting of and heave.

Distinctions Swedish plate:

• everything for the foundation pit is shallow, it is not necessary to use special equipment;
• Swedish plate insulated not only from the soles, but also on the edges - as the foundation remains warm for a long time and retains its integrity;
• panel structure provides for the installation of utilities more in the process of filling;
• Swedish plate - a sealed base, not transmissive cold bridges and preventing the development of damp and mold;
• through the use of insulation, directly to the board can be mounted underfloor heating system and finishing materials.

But skeptics argue that technology is everything Swedish stove until perfected and tested by time.

Stratified Swedish cake plate is as follows: at the bottom of a strong cushion of gravel or sand and gravel, it absorbs the soil shifts. To cushion is not clogged and compacting fine particles of the earth, it is covered with geotextile. top fit waterproofing layer and heater.

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Mikhail Starostin

Team leader repair and construction company "Home Premium"

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«Swedish stove compulsorily equipped with drainage system. It retains the plate against the ingress of rainwater, which significantly extends the life of the foundation. "

Swedish plate has a strong skeleton of steel reinforcing rods. It is in this layer of the run utilities and floor heating system.

Location of heating pipes in the base thickness allows to distribute the heat evenly. And finally, the concrete slab casting. It has additional lines of rigidity, which are placed in high load areas.

A simplified type of floating foundation - a monolithic slab

Not always there is a need of insulation of the foundation. For regions with a warm climate it is not true, so many prefer to do the simple form of the floating foundation - monolithic. For it needs a lot of everything fittings and quality concrete. But we must admit that even with such costs, he eventually may cost you less than a deep strip foundation.

Important! Calculation and structure of the reinforcing frame - an important part of the design of the floating foundation. Shortcomings in this regard may lead to irreparable consequences.

Qualitatively made monolithic slab soil during seasonal shifts up and started up, then it falls into place. The thickness of the concrete casting - 15-20 centimeters. Solid floor also is equipped with compensating gravel pillow, and if necessary - and edges of rigidity under load-bearing walls.

Apparatus tape floating foundations

Floating foundations can have the shape of a tape. Such a base is used to single-storey buildings from lightweight materials such as wood, foam and warm brick.

Floating able to give the tape base due to the use of sand-gravel cushion around the perimeter of the compensating ground motions. Such a foundation can be insulated styrofoam plates, they can act as a formwork.

What are floating pier foundation

For rocky or sandy soil is ideal columnar foundation. Such an arrangement requires less power consumption and significantly saves material.

In the columnar structure is not provided a base plinth. Here, as in the previous cases, set the gravel pad and the system waterproofingAnd the pillars are set in increments of up to 250 cm. This foundation can be used PBS (solid section blocks).

Advantages and disadvantages of floating bases

Should not be considered a panacea for a floating foundation. Not in all cases, it fits, but first let's say about the benefits of this type of foundation:

It has a floating type and its disadvantages. Chief among them - the cost of materials. Fittings and high quality concrete - the main items of expenditure. Given that the monolithic slab need to fill in one stage, have to order concrete mixer service, and require a large amount of the mixture immediately.

Making a floating foundation with his own hands

A significant advantage in setting up a foundation slab - a small amount of earthwork. You do not need a deep pit or trench. You can only slightly to bury the mound of gravel cushion.

Here is a sample algorithm works on arrangement warmed Swedish foundation:

Illustration	Description of the action
	The first step is to partition and fill sand and gravel foundation base. It also laid tubes drain.
	Polystyrene plates laid on a marking made pegs and ropes. First, the beads are placed on the plate perimeter.
	The seams between the plates glued special polystyrene foam adhesive and additionally fixed Gvozdeva plates.
	After setting the perimeter of flat slabs laid over the entire area.
	On top of styrofoam stretches roll waterproofing.
	Waterproofing must be placed on the sides and EPS formwork.
	The finished shuttering laid one more layer of durable heat insulator.
	On the second insulator layer is laid and fixed system underfloor heating and other engineering services. Once done crimping.
	On top utilities laid reinforcing mesh.
	The grid must not lie on communications, it is raised on a special stand.
	Reinforcing mesh binds strongly binding wire.
	To fill the basement must be ordered mixer, as do all need to simultaneously and quickly. Only in this way a monolithic slab.
	During filling should be immediately leveled surface. After the foundation of the fortress should gain during the month.

How to reinforce the floating foundation: videorekomendatsii

It would seem that complicated to install a reinforcing layer of the foundation slab? It turns out that at this stage you can make fatal mistakes. About them - in this small video material:

If you have any questions or have their own experience in the design and operation of the foundation slab - write in the comments to this article!