Heating circuit 2-storey private house: basic nuances

Heat in the house - an important condition for a comfortable stay. So how responsibly you approach to planning heating systemIt will depend very much, from the health of the household and ending with the safety of the entire building. The theme of today's conversation - heating circuit 2-storey private house.

How to minimize heat loss in the house to create the optimum temperature while saving on materials and fuel - all this in our material.

What does the heating circuit 2-storey private house and its main components

equipment selection problem for home heating - not a simple one. To solve it, you need to possess complex knowledge engineering, math data and practical experience. Professionals cope with heating design for a private house for a few hours. In the amateur it can take several days. In this case, you will come in handy useful and important information about the formulas for calculating the types and kinds of heating systems, especially heating devices with different coolants.

First of all, we look at what is the heating circuit. This graphic plan, which identifies all the elements of space heating system a two-story private house and methods for their connection in a network.

In a private home heating system can only have a closed loop, for obvious reasons, because the main heat source is located in the building.

The simplest example of a circuit - a single closed tube that surrounds the building on the perimeter. The heat medium heated in the boiler and gradually cooling down, it passes through the circuit, returning to the original point to warm up again. So I used to do with his own hands hot-water heating private houses. The scheme of such a circuit is extremely simple, and it would seem, why invent something new? But this simple system had significant flaws - fully warmed up, only the first room on the way from boiler. Those premises, which were at the end of the heating rings, no luck. The temperature regime there has been unsatisfactory. It grew on the walls of the mold, and is in them for a long time, it was uncomfortable. In addition, for high-grade volumetric heating required trumpetAnd it does not install the furniture to the walls.

It was replaced by modern heating appliances, with graceful battery, Different coolants and complex wiring systems that allow uniform distribution of heat throughout the house.

For greater efficiency in modern homes use a combination heating. Use, for example, conventional water circuit with gas boiler and appliancesWhich include heating bathroom or underfloor heating in a residential area.

As the heat generators are used oven for solid or liquid fuel, infrared heaters, Heat pumps, solar collectors and other alternative sources of.

Also the heat source, it is necessary to determine whether the heat carrier circuit having a forced movement or gravity flow. This factor - is also one of the most important in the construction of the circuit. For natural circulation requires careful calculation of pipe slope and boiler power. With forced circulation slightly easier movement by means of an electric pump, but the heat in the building will depend on the availability of electricity. Residents of suburban households know that just the existence of this power depends on many factors and is not guaranteed.

Another important point to select schemes - the type of coolant. In his role may be a water, air or oil. If the choice is made in favor of the air - it is likely to fireplace or stove heating. The air may be heated using electrical appliances - convectors or infrared radiators. Water - the most commonly used type of coolant. It holds heat well, it is easily heated. For preservation of the pipeline into the water is added corrosion inhibitors and set filters to collect sediment.

Tip! If heating is installed in the country and the heating of the building is of a periodic nature, water is added to antifreeze. So in the absence of the owners coolant does not freeze and burst pipes.

Oil electric heaters - a great option if you can afford the large energy costs. They effectively heated room, long hold heat even after shutdown.

Picking heating type, especially boiler, And coolant circuit, you can start to create a circuit. Here are a few examples of how the project looks heating:

How to choose a source of thermal energy

Most often, the thermal energy source is chosen not for reasons of economy or convenience, and necessity, guided by the location of housing characteristics and removing it from the necessary communications. If there is no electricity, it is clear that to install electric heaters will not work. The lack of gas pipeline network will make you make a choice in favor of solid fuels, and the lack of access roads to the house - and did turn to alternative energy sources. Consider the different options for heating and their features.

Heating private homes with electricity: the basic nuances

There are two ways of electric heating in a private house:

• via heatersConnected to the network;
• via electric boilerWhich is part of the heating system with radiators.

The debate about which is better - or individual heaters electric boiler, Continued constantly. Proponents of electric boilers as an argument to lead a long heat retention in the system. That is the traditional heat transfer fluid cools slowly, and therefore, such a system is more efficient and economical. On the other hand, heaters and oil heaters heated the room more quickly, and infrared heaters warm the objects in the room, each of which becomes a kind of battery.

All is good, but keep in mind that if you select such heat you get in direct dependence on the electricity supplier, but they are, as mentioned above, is fed often.

In addition, electricity in the house should be ready for such a load, because the heating devices consume a large amount of kilowatts. That is, although it is not necessary to create a heating project, will have to carefully approach the development of housing supply project.

The final difficulty that will be faced: the cost of electricity. To date, the electricity prices are quite high, despite the fact that our country produces it in large quantities, sufficient even for sale abroad. Such a heating system is costing you a pretty penny.

Findings:

• electric heating - an extreme way out when all other options are not possible;
• installing electrical appliances, care should be taken additional security measures and prepare the wiring to a load;
• in case of failure of the power should be kept on hand gasoline generator to keep warm and not freeze the system.

Related article:

Many owners of country houses and apartments want to know how to choose cost-effective new generation of electric heaters. To make the right choice from the variety of devices on the market, examine the materials of our articles.

The easiest way: private gas heating home

If the distance from your household has a highway network of gas - you're in luck. Do not even consider any other options. To date, this way of heating - the most efficient and cost-effective of all. gas boilers heating from modern manufacturers have efficiency - 98, and that's it.

The lack of mains gas - a problem, but the problem is solved. Heating private house gas boiler can be carried out with the help of liquid fuel. The liquefied gas may be bottled or 50-80 liters in a huge tank - gasholder, It is placed on a site away from the house, digged into the earth and is charged by means of special machines. Consumption of a private home heating gas cylinders is the same as the trunk and gas, but will have to pay for shipping and refueling vehicles, which is nearly 20 percent over the cost of gas.

Tip! To reduce the consumption of gas for heating should be possible to insulate the walls of the house and to reduce heat loss through windows, doors and roof.

Findings:

• gas heating - most economical way possible;
• the absence of use of the main gas cylinders or gas tank;

for liquefied natural gas should be selected with a small model of boiler operating pressure indicator.

Related article:

Gas-fired boilers for heating private houses. How to choose a classification device, application features, rating floor and wall boilers, the correct installation of your hands without errors - in this review.

The old fashioned way: heating private houses with solid fuel

AT Solid fuel boilers It can burn wood, coal, peat, pallets. If the house is located in an area where firewood - no problem, this embodiment heating is justified. That is, the solid fuel may be an alternative to the heating of private homes without gas and electricity.

You can set a real Russian oven, a fireplace or a modern solid fuel boiler. If the house is not used for permanent residence, fireplace or stove - not a bad idea. If the house - a place of residence, keep in mind that for the solid fuel boiler keep an eye and stove or fireplace need to constantly "feed" in the afternoon, and if you want to sleep in the warm night. I have to wear in house firewood or coal, to harvest them for the winter, somewhere to store all of this, the fuel was dry. Our ancestors, all these procedures have been commonplace.

Heating with solid fuel - not an easy process. You need to know a lot of nuances, for example, how to manage the valves not to be poisoned by fumes and how to start a fire in the absence of traction in chimney in calm weather.

Russian oven to lay down very hard, you have to look professional stove-maker for the job. Modern boilers are installed in a separate room, boiler room. It must be admitted that the factory model boilers are very efficient.

For stoves, fireplaces or ovens Russian there is no need to draft. And for the boiler - it is necessary to make the same circuit with the wiring, as well as others.

Findings:

• for economical heating of private homes without gas heat generators using solid fuel available in your area;
• using a solid system, with special responsibility approach the issue ventilation in home;
• installing the boiler or stove, consider fire safety measures;
• Be prepared for the fact that you have to constantly deal with system maintenance.

Related article:

When considering the various engineering solutions it makes sense to examine carefully long burning boilers with wood Housing, Prices, reviews. What should I look for when choosing, as well as useful tips and advice - read the review.

alternative heating model of a private house

Thanks to scientific research, people have learned to use the energy of the environment for heating homes. Let's talk about two of the most effective ways.

earth energy

In geothermal heating private house big prospects. While this advanced technology uses a few in our country, but abroad, such systems are very popular.

The basic principle of operation of such heating - heat recovery deep soil rocks. For such a system will require a geothermal heat pump is an expensive machine.

In the collector, routed downhole or at the bottom of the reservoir, is circulated antifreeze. It is heated by heat of the earth and rises into the house via pumps. There antifreeze exchanger warms and returns to the water collector.

Related article:

Heat pump for heating houses.Such a method of heating homes is organizing a myriad of controversy about the effectiveness and return on investment. Let's try to deal with it in a special publication.

Energy of sun

Extraction of energy from solar light can be done in two ways: using solar or thermal collectors. Solar panels convert light into electricity, and then the received energy is sent to the heating unit, for example, in the electric boiler.

Thermal collector has the same operating principle as the geothermal, but it is located in an open area, for example, on the roof of the building.

In addition, it is worth noting that such a way of heating - the most environmentally friendly of all. Environment do not cause any harm. The only disadvantage of solar collectors - they do not work at night.

Findings:

• land use and solar energy for heating - growing trend, which has great potential;
• Installation of such systems today - expensive process, but it should be noted that during the operation you will not have to pay for energy, that is, in fact, the heating in the house will be free;
• alternative energy sources need to be combined with the traditional and then you get guaranteed results and significant savings.

Open or closed system?

open system is based on the laws of thermodynamics. Coolant moves from the higher pressure zone to a low pressure zone, gradually cooling down. The water acts as a coolant. This loop is established expansion tank. It takes the surplus liquid when the water expands as a result of heating, and sends its content, if the coolant temperature is reduced.

scheme heating systems open type is extremely simple. If you are planning a similar system, in accordance with its main components:

• boiler;
• radiators;
• tubing for transporting fluid.

The pump in such a system is not established. You can use both gas and solid fuel boilers. For heating by electricity, such a system is not suitable. Expansion tank set in the most high-rise point of the system, for example, on the roof, if there is wiring.

Important! Expansion tank in the attic need to insulate, to the water is not frozen.

If the house is not a permanent place of residence for the winter should be drained out of the system, otherwise the water would freeze in the pipes and they burst. For an open system requires thick-walled pipe, the fact that heating them may be uneven, and the pipeline must be ready to extreme temperatures.

Another important point - the fewer turns in an open system and connections, so it is more efficient. Works such circuit without interruption and does not depend on electricity.

An example of an open heating circuit in a private home:

Quite differently arranged closed heating systems with forced circulation. Driving such a circuit includes a pump and a sealed surge tank other than the listed elements. This tank is installed valveWhich are set in motion at the fence, and returns liquid. In addition, one portion of the injected nitrogen tank, which pushes fluid into the system as the temperature decreases. Thanks to a complete seal, the water does not evaporate and to add it to the tank is not necessary.

The movement of water electric pump is provided. It ensures a constant pressure in the system and uniform heating of all radiators. Closed tank in this circuit can be installed in any convenient location, not necessarily to raise it to the top spot.

Note! Due to the lack of a contract with a closed air heating system has a long service life.

The closed system allows the use of small diameter pipe, so that the entire heating circuit looks much neater. I have this type of construction and its negative - the noise of the pump. If you install it properly, it will not really be heard, but the slightest error during installation will cause that buzz will spread through all the rooms. Moreover, the work circuit depends presence or absence of electricity, so that in any case must be in the building generator to ensure smooth operation of the pump.

Scheme closed heating with a circulating pump:

If we talk about what the system is more suitable for the two-storey house, then listen to the opinion of professionals. And they are advised to use the multi-storey constructions closed systems to ensure uniform heating of the entire circuit.

Embodiments circulation system

We have already touched on the subject of forced or natural circulation in closed and open systems. It is necessary to add that the principle of natural movement of the coolant is only suitable for systems, heated and equipped with a small area of ​​low-power boilers. Maximum length of the pipeline in such a loop - 30 meters. Gravitational heating system two-storey houses - a rarity. The efficiency of such heating at lower than the pump designs.

Let us compare the basic pros and cons of heating with natural or compulsory circulation:

natural	compulsory
pros
It is independent from a power source	It can be used in areas with complex geometry and positioning of the pipe, for reasons of maximum aesthetics
Economical, since it does not require an additional pump	It is convenient to adjust the temperature in the room
Not publishes extraneous noise and vibration	It can be used for high-rise buildings
Easy to install and maintain	It works with a small diameter conduit
It works for some time after switching off the boiler	It has a long service life
Minuses
long heated	pump noise during operation
Can not use plastic pipes	The dependence on power source
Not suitable for high-rise buildings
Scheme
Heating scheme of two-storey house with natural circulation	heating circuit with forced circulation of a two-storey house

Types of distributing their features

The circuit wiring of the heating system in a private home - the result of engineering thought, do not underestimate this process.

Wiring can be divided into three categories:

• in the direction of vertical or horizontal;
• by pipeline to two-pipe or one-pipe;
• in the direction of traffic on the dead-end and counter.

The heating project house for two types of the above categories must be present. We can not say that some of these species are good or bad, in each case should be to select the optimal variant. But how to do that?

The first choice - a single or two-pipe heating wiring in a private home? In this matter, the views diverge radically, and should examine all the arguments before coming to a decision.

How are single-tube system

One-pipe heating system of a private house looks like a circuit with boiler and radiators. It is ideal for building one floor. There is only one riser to which are connected all other devices.

Single-pipe system can be horizontal or vertical, depending on the location of the riser.

Scheme pipe heating system with the lower wiring:

If this type of system is used for the two-story structure, using vertical riser. Driving pipe system heating two-storey house with a vertical riser:

Advantages and disadvantages of single-tube wiring:

Note! Modern radiators are regulators and valves, which allow you to adjust the temperature, even with a single pipe layout.

What are two-pipe systems

Two-pipe heating system with the heat carrier the upper wiring gives rise up and then moved individually to each radiator. Thus, for each battery It fits two pipeline upstream and downstream.

Example of a two pipe heating system of a two-story private house:

Advantages and disadvantages of this circuit:

Note! of heating systems, experts recommend installed on each radiator termokrany and drain valves for emergency repairs.

German practicality: Tichelmann scheme

An engineer from Germany Albert Tichelmann the first to propose to change the principle of operation of the return of the heating system. Sense Tichelmann system in two-storey house in that all the circulation circuits have the same length, which allows to maintain a constant uniform pressure.

Tichelmann scheme for two-storey house:

Tichelmann design should cover all the building, uniting the floors. Experts recommend additionally installed on every floor of the pump for circulating the coolant. Some recommend to install a common vertical riser and have him do the wiring on the floors. To better adjust the temperature in the premises of the balancing valves are installed in the loop. They allow precise setting Floor.

What is good and what is bad in the loop Tichelmann on two levels:

Now Tichelmann system - one of the most popular among the owners of country houses.

Contemporary style: the scheme "Leningradka"

In the classic "Leningradka" heating system for the house for radiators put on the same level on the perimeter of the building. According to the location of the pipeline it may be vertical or horizontal. For a two-storey building characterized by the use of the riser. It is more difficult to install, but the effectiveness of such a system is much higher than the horizontal.

Leningrad heating system, the scheme for the two-storey house:

In the modern design of these systems are actively used bypass, Fittings, thermostatic valves and other accessories, which greatly improves the efficiency of the circuit. For the coolant circulation pump may be used, but "Leningradka" cope with natural circulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme:

Manifold heating system: Features and Advantages

In the collector circuit two-storey house heating is the main distinguishing feature: each battery is own eyeliner. This makes it possible to adjust the heating of each radiator or even turn it off if necessary. The main element of the circuit - a collector. This large diameter pipe fragment with a single input and a plurality of outgoing tubes. For each output, you can connect your circuit.

Scheme collector circuit:

Now, the advantages and disadvantages of such a system:

To better visualize particular collector heating two-storey house, the video material on the topic:

Radiation heating system and its circuit

The use of radiation heating system two-storey house - one of the most effective options. It is guaranteed to ensure your home is warm and at the same time will save on energy. In this case, the need to establish not one but several reservoirs, one per floor. And, in addition, each floor has its own mounted and flow and return branch.

Important! For radiation heat your home it is important to carefully insulate the wall.

Driving beam layout:

Positive and negative aspects:

Ray system is perfect for multi-story structures. It does not make sense to set it in one-story house with a small amount of space.

Thermal calculation of the heating system: what it is

A sign of a professional approach to the development of the heating circuit - the calculation of heat loss. Do I have to do it if it is only on private home ownership in a couple of floors?

That will give us this account:

• establish a power boiler is required;
• We calculate the number of radiators for each room;
• We find out how much it will cost home heating;
• We understand how to avoid heat loss;
• determine the probability of failure of materials and finishes from moisture and temperature changes.

Complexity is only that it is difficult to make the calculation of heating private houses with their own hands. It will take a lot of time and nerves. So, starting the calculations, please be patient and calculators simplify the process.

power heating boiler calculation area of ​​the house, the formula

If you make a mistake with the choice of the boiler, please note that the result is excessive fuel consumption and a decrease in the life of the system. If the boiler runs on solid fuel, it will have much more to make it clean.

Tip! Counting the required power boiler, laying a small margin in the event of an extreme drop in temperature.

Before the start of the calculation should be possible to determine the heat loss of the building. This is a very difficult part of the job, which requires to take into account many parameters.

On the heat affect the size of wall materials, foundation and roof. It should take into account the presence of underfloor heating and type of wiring used. Organizations who are professionally engaged in such calculations take into account even the appliances in the house from which can produce heat during operation. But this accuracy, in principle, to anything.

In a simplified embodiment it is believed that for the middle band of one kilowatt enough thermal energy for heating ten square meters. Thus, if the area of ​​your home, for example, 100 squares, it is necessary to purchase the boiler with a capacity of 10 kilowatts. This rate corresponds to standard rooms with standard ceiling heights. If the house has a non-standard dimensions have yet to do the calculations.

If the case is only in the high ceilings, proceed simply, calculate and apply the factor. If you take the unit to a standard height of 270 centimeters, then at the height of, for example, 320 centimeters, you get a ratio of 1.2. And its use. Thus, multiplying our ten kilowatts (at a hundred squares) to obtain the required 1.2 to 12 kilowatts of power.

Another important factor - the climate. That is 1 kilowatt - it is for central Russia. And for the northern regions require at least 2, for the Moscow region - 1.5, to the south - 0.9. When calculating this should be taken into account.

What else is important? The presence or absence of water in the boiler circuit. That is, if the unit should also heat water for kitchen and bathroom, multiply this output by 20-25 per cent. And do not forget to add ten per cent in the event of abnormal frosts.

It is the most primitive method of calculation. It does not consider the material of the walls and other structural characteristics. To obtain more accurate results, use the calculator.

Calculator for the boiler to heat your home

Calculation of the expansion tank and its features

Task surge tank - to maintain optimal pressure in the system, avoiding water hammer and conduit rupture. Tank size account in an open system is not particularly important. It's just a container in the attic. Better to take a large tank to keep the water poured out, even if it comes to a boil in the tubes.

Much more difficult, if the closed system.

To calculate the need to calculate the total amount of loop tubes and radiators. The technical documentation batteries is an indication of the amount of coolant. It only remains to calculate the volume of the pipeline using the formula for the sixth grade of secondary school. It is clear that a completely accurate figure you will get, and it is not important. Returning to the subject of simplified calculations, we note that an average of 1 kW boiler output accounts for about 15 liters of coolant, provided the use of modern equipment. That is, for our hypothetical house in 100 squares and 10 kilowatt boiler need 150 liters of water. Then you need to apply the formula:

The volume of the tank volume = 0.04 x coolant (4% - expansion coefficient) / quantity in the tank membrane efficiency.

The latter figure is not difficult to find in the technical documentation to the expansion tank. If the procedure seemed too difficult, use the calculator.

A calculator for calculating the volume of the expansion tank for the heating system

Simple calculation of the circulation pump for heating systems

For heating a two-storey cottage require a circulating pump. It will provide optimal system pressure and uniform heat distribution.

Tip! To reduce the noise from the operation of the system, buy a submersible motor rotor.

To calculate the power of the device require two metrics: the need to house the thermal energy and the hydraulic circuit resistance. We have already learned that our house in 100 squares will require 10 kW of heat energy. It's simple.

Hydraulic resistance is difficult to calculate. It needs formula:

H = 1,3 × (B1C1 + V2S2 + A1 + A2 +... + AN) / 10000where

BUT - resistance to individual system nodes;

AT - pressure losses in the flow and return circuit;

FROM - length of the pipeline and the return flow.

If you manage to get out of the technical documentation of elements of the system, all these figures - a prize in the studio. And as a reward - the final formula to calculate motor performance:

Q = 0,86 × P / (TF-TR)where

R - thermal power;

TF - flow temperature;

TR - the outlet temperature.

You can take advantage of two uncomplicated Calculator:

Calculator for calculating the performance of the circulation pump

Calculator for calculating the circulating pump head

The whole structure with his own hands: the heating installation in a private house

Which of the proposed schemes you choose - depending on the features of your home and the mode of living in it. We have considered all the advice and recommendations how to conduct heating in private homes. It remains only to consider the practical application of the knowledge gained. Do not forget that the minimum number of connections and nodes - the key to the reliability of the entire heating circuit.

Small master class on how to properly make the heating in a two-story house:

Photo	Description of work
	The best option to heat the two-story house is a combination of two types of underfloor and radiator heating.
	Before starting work, make a detailed plan of the house and calculate the area floors and each room to determine the number of radiators
	Installation of the system begins from the boiler room. There will be located all the nodal connections, pump and reservoir.
	Modern boiler should be mounted on a wall. In advance, calculate the required capacity of the device and make sure that the device must be equipped with all facilities to ensure safe operation.
	To connect the pipe to the boiler, use fittings with taps. In an emergency, you can disable any of the highways.
	Before entering the boiler must replace the oblique filter. Its size does not matter, it can be 1 inch or ¾.
	Before the collectors must be installed ball valves with sleeves, and for turning the used metal corners.
	You need to install the two collector - one of them for the radiators on the second floor. Number of outputs in the reservoir - the number of radiators plus one. Excess output will be needed to drain and fill the system coolant.
	Following mixing collectors mounted on the pump assembly. It will be necessary for the regulation of floor temperature. The temperature of the coolant at the outlet from the boiler - about 60-70 degrees. It's too hot for the floor heating. The mixing temperature will adjust the carrier, mixing the heated and cooled flows.
	After mixing unit mounted collector for floor heating. He distributes the coolant flow. You can manually adjust the flow rate, if necessary.
	On the floor of the first floor is laid insulation - polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
	On the insulation heat reflective material should be spread.
	All layers mounted reinforcing mesh. It will be fixed with the help of a pipe heating wires or special clamps.
	For heating of floor heating using metal- tubes diameter of 20 millimeters. The greatest length of each line - 100 meters, the distance between the pipes - no more than 20 centimeters. How are you going to lay the pipe - is not so important. You can use a picture of the snake, or snails, as you wish.
	On the second floor mounted radiators. Number of radiators in the room depends on the area and the calculated heat loss (you can use the calculator to calculate the above boiler and count every separate room).
	From collector we derive the pipe to the radiators on the second floor.
	Pipework should be done on the floor. Each radiator comes two pipes - incoming and outgoing.
	To connect the battery using the side connection node. It allows supply and discharge of coolant from a single point. The same node can act as a bypass and disconnect the battery coolant continues to circulate, passing the heater.
	After installation of all system components can be poured floors, but before that you need to install a damper strip thickness of 1 cm around the perimeter of all rooms.
	The final step - filling the first and second floors of concrete floors.

How much work will cost?

It is clear that the cheapest standalone installation of heating private houses. Price salaried craftsmen Services someone seems too high, but there will have to decide - if you have time and desire, you can do everything with their own hands. If not - prepare the budget. The cost of heating private houses turnkey - from 100 thousand rubles, and this is without taking into account the boiler.

This is not difficult to find a company which is engaged in laying the heating systems of private houses. Price works price varies depending on the region of residence, schedule and scope of work.

Here is a sample list of the cost of work:

summing up

In order to draw up a scheme of heating 2-storey private house you must take into account many parameters. It is necessary to calculate the heat demand, explore the characteristics of different sources of thermal energy and choose the best option suitable for your environment. Do not howl take into account the prices for different types of fuel.

Do not forget to leave comments and share their own experiences. In conclusion, we offer you a detailed video on the topic: