Giving preference to self-heating methods, the owners of property want to once and for all solve the problem of heating an apartment or house. Independent heating system not only provides optimal temperature mode in residential areas, but also provides significant savings in the family budget. What kind of self-heating to give preference, you decide. To begin, take a look at the most important of the existing options for home heating, on the basis of their energy consumption:
- Electrical devices.
- Devices for solid fuels.
- Units on liquid fuel.
- gas appliances.
Each of these groups is divided into subgroups by method of installation, the coolant used, applications and the like. D. But this list of devices that are used as the primary means of heating of housing, it is necessary to add a system, involved in the heating process, as additional devices to increase comfort temperature in room. Such systems include the so-called underfloor heating, electric and water.
Be sure to read: independent heating in the apartment.
Of particular interest in this regard is water Heated floor operable by gas boiler - autonomous generator of hot water. The system is relatively new, but sufficiently studied, superior performance, such devices, such as heating fans.
Warm floor - idea and concept
The idea of the floor heating device in a residential area is not new. Man has long paid attention to the current laws of physics around us - the warm air in the room is always accumulates at the top, near the ceiling. The cooled air on the contrary, is lowered, making the floor coldest place indoors, eats precious kilocalories its considerable area.
Artificially heated to a certain temperature, the floor becomes a powerful source of heat in the room. Due to the large heating area, the air is uniformly warms and rises up, filling the entire interior space. The process provides the necessary ventilation in the room temperature, moreover, it minimizes the difference between the values at the floor and the ceiling. In rooms equipped underfloor virtually no areas with cool air.
Gas boilers, now used for home heating system, it is able to ensure the normal operation of the warm water floor. To achieve an effective increase in comfort can be given situation under certain conditions - the precise thermal and hydraulic calculations competent underfloor installation systems.
Concept
To provide a floor heating can be by laying down an existing between the floor and the floor space of a pipeline coating in which will circulate the heated coolant gas boiler. As a coolant water (plain or with special additives antifreeze) - traditional liquid used for auxiliary boiler equipment.
A heat exchanger in this case acts as a conduit laid under the floor. The effect is achieved due to the large heat transfer area. The amount of heat supplied to the indoor space, it is enough for the horizontal and vertical distribution of the warm air mass.
Important! The principal difference of this system from other types of heating systems - low coolant temperature. For warm enough to heat water floor heating medium to a temperature of 30-50 0 FROM.
The system comes with a "warm water floor"
The basic structural elements of such a system are:
- a gas boiler;
- pressure pump;
- valves and connection fittings;
- main duct for distributing coolant at residential premises;
- outdoor mini-pipeline laying on the surface of the subfloor;
- collector;
- System automation and adjustment of operating modes.
A gas boiler
a large area for a private home where comfort temperature increase will be implemented in a large number of rooms, the best choice would be to double-floor gas boiler offline performance. These units have a lot of power, able to simultaneously solve several problems at once - domestic heating and hot water supply.
On a note: for gas heating equipment in outdoor performance must be equipped with the corresponding room with a chimney and ventilation. The room is generated by the boiler (the boiler output up to 30 kW), should have an area of not less than 4 square meters, while the minimum volume -. 8 cubic meters. If the floor heating is used planimetric gas boiler, the DHW system have additionally installed boiler indirect heating, which is supposed to be placed in the same room.
For apartment where roads each square meter can use a wall gas boiler which, when selecting the correct power also ensure efficient operation of the water floor heating. Due to its size, location for such equipment to choose the easier wall-mounted gas-fired boiler is allowed to establish even in the kitchen or in the bathroom. Usually power wall-mounted gas boilers It varies in the range of 7-30 kW.
Wall autonomous gas appliances in most cases have a closed combustion chamber, so that efficient and safe operation it is sufficient to equip coaxial chimney exit to the outside or to the central chimney mine.
An important consideration when purchasing equipment is to determine the optimum power gas boiler, which should be ensure work "Radiant Floor" system, so you must rely on the data of heat when choosing a gas boiler model calculations.
For reference: heating for 1 square. m living area necessary costs approximately 100 W of power provided good thermal insulation space, the ceiling height of not more than 3 m and no excessive number of windows.
Most home private premises have in their structure the outer wall, through which heat loss may require an increase to 150 watts of heat at the heating expenses 1 m. of living space. Therefore, when buying a gas boiler, even with the thermal calculation indicating the required power unit, it is better to buy a device in excess of the estimated value of this characteristic by 15-20%.
In most cases, power combi boilers intended for hot water on one or two points of water intake. Therefore, by increasing the amount of hot water withdrawal points need to increase the capacity of the boiler.
In this regard, the radiant floor heating has the advantage - loading gas boiler in power saving mode. The operating principle of the system of warm floors in this situation requires the boiler to heat the coolant of minimum energy. Most of the capacity of the boiler is released for heating domestic hot water system.
Pipes for water underfloor
For laying the floor warm water using copper, polypropylene, metal or PEX-pipes.
Pipes made of copper (high thermal conductivity, durability) is an ideal material for water underfloor devices, however their price is high and availability is limited.
Polypropylene tubes are also not widespread, but for a different reason - their flexibility is insufficient and the minimum bending radius of the tube should be equal to its diameter 8 that separates the turns from each other.
Pipes made of metal is popular - internal aluminide coating gives them good thermal conductivity, a cladding of a polymer to protect against damage. With such characteristics the reasonable price - a good incentive for selection in their favor.
PEX-pipes - the material of the "cross-linked" polyethylene, i.e. with an artificially altered molecular structure, which makes the material durable and long lasting. Price PEX tubing is readily available, and therefore their use in the device of water underfloor heating is widespread. However, one should keep in mind one particular property of this material - PEX pipe when heated tend take its original contour, so when laying on the floor need to be rigidly fixed to the fixture ties.
The heating system does not fit on a single day, so its reliability, including tightness and durability you need to provide. For this purpose, tubes stacked integrally bay without compounds. Task - during mounting to receive a single, closed circuit through which circulates the coolant, as is better to use water with special additives. This will prevent the defrost system during severe frosts. Such a measure is relevant to the owners of country houses and cottages with a non-living.
Important! When used in the water system needs to install additional protection device, a compressor or compressed air cylinder for emergency purging of all circuit and emptying.
Important! Buying pipe heating system, pay attention to the markings. The articles intended for heating systems, there are corresponding characters and symbols. Usually, this allowable pressure of 10 bar and heating temperature - up to 95 0FROM.
Depending on the characteristics of the premises and the type of floor covering (screed thickness, height and so on premises. D.) Using 16-20 mm diameter tube for mounting warm water floor systems. During the laying of the pipeline allowed minimum bending radius equal to five times the diameter for metal pipes and 8-fold - to polypropylene material.
To complete the picture we suggest to familiarize with the video, which describes in detail and shows how the installation of water floor heating.
Installation of the system "Radiant Floor Heating"
The device is water underfloor heating system starts with the preparation of the base, which includes several operations which we will now briefly consider. Failure to comply with the requirements for the subfloor, which is mounted on the warm floor, is fraught with a minimum of reduction in the efficiency of its work, as a maximum - depressurization followed by costly capital repair.
Substrate preparation
The base before laying the pipeline has to be prepared accordingly. The substrate must be firm, clean and smooth. Allowed variations of height in the range of plus or minus 10 mm per meter of linear length. If the floor surface does not meet the requirements, it has a large curvature and obvious flaws, is held alignment coupler device, followed in case of waterproofing base depressurization system.
Before laying the pipe insulation is also carried subfloor. For this purpose plate of extruded polystyrene or basalt fiber thickness of 30-50 mm.
With sufficient budget justified to use plates, screened foil and equipped with special projections for convenient stacking tubes. By resorting to such measures for reducing heat loss through the floor in the premises of the first floor - Heated floor together with any gas boiler Power will work with the increased load in conjunction with underfloor heating to heat the basement floor, or someone else's apartment below.
Important! Before pouring laid underfloor pipe system grout is necessary for the perimeter wall to affix damping band belt 5 mm thickness and a width equal to the thickness of the cast solution layer. The tape will compensate for temperature expansion of ties and reduce the pressure on its vertical structure.
Mounting
Water underfloor systems in structure and, accordingly, a method for mounting divided into 2 types:
- concrete (flood);
- Flooring.
In the first case it is a casting of concrete laid on a prepared base contour water underfloor systems. This operation is preceded by a breakdown in the base portions and piling reinforcing mesh.
The following types of pipe laying, heat lines:
- snake;
- double snake;
- spiral;
- offset coil;
- combined method.
The diagram shows how the heating circuit is placed in a room with elevated heat losses - two or more outer walls.
Important! After closure underfloor installation systems made it crimping pressure is 5 bar for 24 hours.
Levelcrete additional element acts party heat distribution process. Given the poor tensile concrete work, it is placed at a pressure in the system heat lines 3 bar, reducing the load at break during further feeding water into the system to a value of the operating pressure.
For screed solution brand cement used is not lower than the M-300, and its thickness is 30-50 mm, wherein the layer of solution above the pipe-heat line should not be more than 2 cm.
When the device water underfloor heating system should take into account technological limitation - Finish floor the coating must have a high thermal conductivity coefficient to give a minimum loss in the air heat premises. That is, laying on top of a warm floor linoleum, laminate, parquet, the boardwalk is impractical because of the high heat-insulating properties of these materials. A Grinding top tile systems, particularly high density - stoneware, natural stone, Mettlach not only justified, but also is suitable because of the constantly cold surface of such a finish.
Method of laying the flooring is used in areas where the application of the screed is undesirable because of the low ceiling, or the production of concrete work is fraught with leakage of moisture into the lower or heating. Restriction may be seasonal factors or be related to the design of the building. The main advantage of grazing systems is the high speed of installation. Warm water floor laying the flooring type of material system device is divided into:
- polystyrene;
- wood:
- modular;
- Pinion.
All these types of flooring systems are less time consuming, and the absence of significant pollution of housing during installation.
Polystyrene Floor Heating
This system is a set of heat-insulating coating of the extruded foam (polystyrene), pipes and heat lines, heat spreading aluminum plate.
Stacked on the support base plate of polystyrene on top of which aluminum plates are installed with special grooves pipe-heat line.
On top of the aluminum plates is performed floor finishing material with high thermal conductivity (e.g., ceramic tile for 2-component epoxy adhesive).
Wooden system underfloor
These devices are mounted on existing wooden floor joists or wood.
The modular plate varieties used (Modules) with channels and grooves for distributing the heat plates and pipes.
In reechnyh subspecies underfloor installation of the modules is made between the available hard sub-floor joists, or joists are set for this in advance. These structures act as stiffeners to arrange a warm water floor and its subsequent finishing, the list of structural elements is different from modular type.
After closure underfloor laying the flooring species are also produced and crimping system commissioning (leak test, the compounds of lift).
Plank method underfloor system device is versatile and applicable in virtually all buildings and structures. However, its benefits are reflected in the cost, which is quite high.
conclusion
Competent project in conjunction with a qualified installation of equipment - a guarantee of a positive result. Radiant floor heating, you will use the system as an additional standalone home heating, will be effective, economical and practical apparatus, significantly increases the comfort housing.
