Pipelines ensure compliance with domestic and industrial needs of the population. However, to create them will require the use of only proven and high-quality fixtures. In order not to lose in the choice, the majority of experts are trying to explore the full assortment of fittings.
Technical specifications
Classification of fittings is based on technical criteria:
- To perform a technical role requires installation of fasteners - fittings;
- The material from which the structure is made;
- How will fixed mount;
- Distinctive design features and resolution.
Sizes starting from 4 - 600 mm, depending on the intended use (adduct type brake hose or pipeline in preparation). Accepted provide several standard sizes of fittings 20, 25, 50, 110 and 32 mm. As a rule, because of the great popularity of such models are found not be easy.
Typology
For competent and quality installation of plumbing, do without the connecting elements is not possible. The basis often acts durable metal - steel, cast iron, metal, brass. Equally considered common design of plastic and synthetic materials: polivinihlorida, polypropylene, polyethylene.
Considering the variety of fittings, heated towel rails system device, there are several options:
- Threaded connections.
Figure 2. Threaded - Compression.
- With capillary soldering.
- Press.
- Self-locking.
To build a reliable water supply, used several types:
- If the straight section, relevant clutch;
- If extensive system - tee or cross;
- To change the direction of the flow - diversion.
What are the connections
Design choice depends primarily on the material water pipe diameter. Among the most popular release threaded, welded, compression, collet. To qualitatively and connect without leakage pipe, corrugated stainless, steel, brass view optimally suited where additional silicone sealing elements present.
To connect the pipe to a component at one end fitting must be present, and on the other to be screwed sleeve. This is necessary for maximum locking design. In practice, the "mother" refers to the form of the connecting element configured as a clutch, and "dad" - a fitting.
It is important to take into consideration a structure using these types of compounds with a relevant small and medium diameter section, wherein a diameter greater than 50mm. Used by welding or flange connection.
If you need to connect the radiators it is recommended to use a linear or angular American. When the pipeline is planned to be laid for economic or residential buildings with heating company or sewer system, it is recommended to use the system with an adhesive, welding or screw types compounds.
To create a ventilation system, additional gaskets are not required. Optimally apply sealants. To attach the hoses more relevant to use a threaded fittings.
Generally, when creating an artificial irrigation system, use of pipes of plastic or other synthetic material. Professionals use shutoff valves (valves, gates, latches) or tees coupling. Actual choose a diameter in the range 20-25mm.
When creating a pneumatic system it is important to pay attention to the conditions under which the planned operation. Typically, suitable coupling members of polymeric material, stainless steel, copper alloys.
Radiator used gon 90, 45 degrees, and nipples. Most often, they are threaded stainless steel. Brake hoses and can not do without models that provide tightness design. They presented different diameters: 4-18mm. The design preserves the strength of -50 to +100 degrees. The optimal pressure is 12 bar.
Classification
Types fittings are defined depending on the parameter in question, so read with several classifications. Depending on the material used is isolated:
- Stainless. When you create a stainless steel is used. Among the main figurations stands out tees, crosses, bends, reducers. The most common type is considered to be threaded.
- Bronze. Characterized by a long service life. They are versatile and can be used in conjunction with tubes made of steel, plastic or copper.
- Metal. In manufacture the only ferrous metal (steel, cast iron) or colored (bronze, brass or copper).
- Cast iron. It falls into the category of carving. Optimally sealed to create designs with seals.
- To improve the characteristics of the best anchorages is often used chrome. They can be operated with pipes of different materials.
The second type of classification refers to the separation fisting in accordance with the characteristics of structures:
- DKO metric cylindrical threads. In the sub usually distinguished straight, angular design in 45 or 90 degrees.
- For straight sections using direct construction.
- To create a sealed structure, used crimp connecting fittings with two special rings. The design avoids leaks over time.
- Push fitting. Visually, the seal consists of a ring, sleeve and ferrule. To create additional tools not used the press. Relevant to the creation of heating systems and water supply.
Figure 4. Push 
Figure 5. PUSH device - Baggio. Visually, the design does not involve any difficulties. There is a housing ring seals and threaded bolts. You can also find a direct or at angles of 45 and 90 degrees. Approach when creating machine control systems 6-25mm.
Figure 6. Baggio - Container compound required for installation of various orientations containers.
The third classification system constructed in accordance with the type of compound:
- Collet. Falls into the category of crimping. Experts are advised not to use them for the connection of pipes made of PVC material as likely cause severe mechanical damage.
- With the inclusion of the coupling nut is a split view. Actual implement dismantling the pipes without the need to create an additional rotation.
- Air refers to the quick mind. Optimal when creating pneumatic systems. In the manufacture of metal or plastic is used.
- Hydraulic system - the main representative of threaded connections or crimping.
- American made of different kinds of materials.
- , Electric design more relevant just to work with plastic pipes. Allowed to install lap or butt.
The last classification includes type of pipe connections:
- Polypropylene. Relevant when creating a supply of hot or cold type. Can create a combined embodiment using brass inserts.
Figure 7. Constructions of polypropylene - Pneumatics with steel, brass fittings, brass or bronze polymers. Suitable for tubes made from polypropylene.
- Polyethylene with laying of electric heating elements. Typically, the heating wire is used. With its secure welding is performed via the connecting member and the tube.
Figure 8. polyethylene - With high pressure is relevant for hydraulics. Due to the liquid transport system is carried out.
Scope of various compounds for polyethylene pipes
The underlying material is polyethylene with different indices density or brass. The diameter of the fittings used in variations 20-1200mm. To get acquainted with all types and characteristics, you can refer to the following table:
| View | Characteristics and scope |
| compression | Used to create drinking water supply system. Endures temperature in the range 0 to + 45 degrees, the pressure 10-16Bar. When installing using welding |
| electrowelded | Using heating element as a wire. It finds application in the manufacture of the gasification system |
| Metal | Suitable in the event that there are additional elements of other materials |
| cast | IPA manufacturing system identical system allowed temperature 0-40 degrees |
| Segment (welded) | It is made of individual segments, which are connected into a single system. for a compound item should allow an organization to create branching water system |
| Brass | Characterized by reliability and integrity. Actual use together with sleeves, reduces the risk of deformations arising when using compression fitting allows narrow tube diameter |
| 75mm HDPE pipe | Relevant to the creation of a gravity sewer system |
How to choose the best option PP
In order not to make a mistake and choose the best fitting, it is recommended to take into account the material from which made the connection and its diameter:
- organization strong constructions made of copper or steel - flanges. They are suitable in the event that it is impossible to avoid welding or components coated thread. When ordering party, you need to consider how they are flat, there are arranged perpendicular to the ends. From these indicators it depends on how thick would the connection. In order to achieve tightness, it is best to use a special tape FUM. Locknut help achieve optimum fixing of the seal from a different metal (iron, steel or bronze).
- solutions sanitary problems, it is better to choose connecting elements of an identical material as the tube. As a rule, it is PVC. Soldering is carried out special tools. It is important to bear in mind that these models are characterized by a large amount.
- systems present plastic, it is better to use multiple fasteners, the average 3-4. Ordering them to consider is the weight. As a general rule, the better the design, the more it weighs.
It is not recommended to save on the purchase of the connecting elements, as they determine the likelihood of serious leaks and deformation of pipes. This is especially true of systems that need to withstand high pressure.
The popularity of plastic models, which differ from the above categories easily (can be assembled without the assistance teams of professionals), the duration of use (on average 30-40 years without replacement), allowed the creation of different levels of water supply systems difficulties. However it is also necessary to consider the specifics of planned activities and the material of which the pipe diameter and to ensure tightness and a maximum density of connections.
