In the middle lane and over the northern regions of roof insulation from the inside is a must-home construction. One of the most widely used materials for this is mineral wool. In its fiber structure there are voids, resulting in an inexpensive material having low thermal conductivity. Except for the glass wool, during the warming mounted designs such elements as lathing system parovetroizolyatsiya and roof ventilation system.
Types of mineral wool
In today's market there are three main types of mineral wool used for thermal insulation and sound insulation of roofs:
- Basalt or rockwool. It is made from basalt rock. The fibers of the material are short and rigid, it provides high strength insulation boards. They are used for thermal insulation of flat roofs. The flip side of the high rigidity is low elasticity, plate not returned to its original shape after deformation. It is necessary to treat it with caution. Stone wool has a high heat resistance. Thermal conductivity coefficient Kt = 0,04-0,045.
- Glass wool. It is made from recycled glass, waste glass enterprises. Long flexible fibers. The material structure is looser and elastic, excellent thermal insulation properties. Due to its elasticity splendidly between the rafters or battens battens without additional fasteners. Suitable for insulation of inclined elements. Very low specific gravity and good sound insulation. Rm = 0.038 W / m * K.
- Slag. It is made from the waste blast furnace. Cheap material with mediocre performance. It is used for warehouses, auxiliary buildings. residential buildings is not recommended for thermal insulation.
Mineral wool is hazardous to health during installation. The fibers can harm the respiratory system and vision. Therefore, it is necessary to work with respirators, protective gloves and goggles. During the operation there is no risk to health. Keep it should be so as to prevent the access of children and pets.
Important! In case of contact with mineral wool fibers in the respiratory system, digestive system, mucous membranes should immediately consult a doctor.
Choosing mineral wool for the roof
The following parameters must be considered when choosing a mineral wool used for thermal insulation of the roof and its installation scheme:
- type of mineral wool;
- density;
- thickness;
- steam and water proofing.
What to choose for the roof insulation: glass wool or stone
From the standpoint of thermal physics, both materials are suitable for use under the roof.
Fiberglass has a long flexible fibers are not brittle and do not create dust. For use in residential buildings, glass wool is better to choose based on acrylic binder. Most models on the market today just like that. Glass wool with a phenol formaldehyde binder is not recommended because of the potentially harmful precipitates.
The main drawback - high absorbability. Glass wool can absorb moisture up to 30% of its volume. This causes the individual to take on parovlagoizolyatsii measures. When wet material loses its insulating properties. Available in the form of glass wool mats in the form of rolls. Mats are more convenient for laying between the rafters with regular step or between the guide battens. Rolls of insulation is more convenient when large ploschadey- so there is less joints. Rolls also easier to cut out for a bookmark between the rafters with a variable pitch.
Stone wool is made from volcanic rock. Short fibers can be hard to break, thereby forming dust. High density mineral wool (230 kg / m3) Causes a higher thermal conductivity than glass (10%). Stone wool is not afraid of water, when it is wet up to 30% of the amount it retains its thermal insulation properties. Inclined roofs with insulation basalt wool vraspor keeps badly. In these cases, use a special model mata- in the center of it tight, and the edges adds two 5-centimeter strip of mineral wool of lower density and high elasticity. These strips are easy to wrinkle during the installation, and then get up vraspor and securely hold the mat.
The density of mineral wool for insulating roof
Glass wool is soft and easy. The density of the insulation determines the total weight and is taken into account when calculating the total carrying capacity of the roof structure. When finished roof insulation is best to choose a lighter material, so as not to overload it is not designed for rafter system.
Light mineral wool with a density of about 60 kg / m *3 in this case the suit. For heavy basalt wool will have to strengthen the crate. Basalt is better suited for flat roofs with minimum slope.
Too low a density ramp can lead to shrinkage of the vertical, then we need to think through additional bracing.
Calculation of mineral wool for roof thickness
The thickness of the insulation is determined depending on climate zone such weather conditions as the average and minimum zero temperatures, snow cover, average and maximum wind force, average and maximum moisture.
On Web sites, vendors and mineral wool manufacturers have online calculators to assess stacking thickness.
Since mineral wool, especially glass, has a tendency to shrink a little over time, it is best to get a figure to add 50 mm - the cost you incur once, and live in the house takes a long time.
Complex thermodynamic formulas given in some publications and websites, use does not make sense. To properly carry out this calculation, you need to be a qualified engineer heating engineer. It is sufficient to estimate the thickness of the calculator and add 50 mm.
Vapor and waterproofing
Any mineral wool, especially glass, must be securely isolated from the condensation water and water vapor. Specially designed for the vapor barrier semipermeable synthetic rolled materials. This film is made of polypropylene reinforced with fiberglass mesh. The film is attached vnatyag and strong enough to withstand the weight of mineral wool. Polyethylene for this purpose are not suitable.
To apply the waterproofing membrane diffusion film composed of three layers. It skips pairs in one direction and does not transmit moisture in reverse. Therefore, it is essential to lay its rough side of the heater, otherwise all the work will go down the drain. Need to
Benefits
The main advantages of glass wool are:
- Low fire risk, no harmful emissions.
- Ease of installation.
- The low density and low total weight of the insulation.
- Good sound insulation.
- Deters rodents.
- Resists mildew.
- Long service life.
- Independence from temperature characteristics.
- Affordable price.
In addition to the merits, it should be noted a number of shortcomings:
- Shallow strength.
- the need waterproofing.
- Hygroscopicity glass. Absorption of moisture results in a significant reduction of the thermal insulation
- If the wrong calculation and mounting mats of the batten falls.
Disadvantages are offset by careful calculation and installation of high-quality insulation.
The process of warming
In the presence of skills of civil works, especially carpentry, insulation of the roof is quite possible to hold your own hands. When working at height need an assistant to lift materials and fastening elements crates. Work does not require the use of complex or expensive equipment.
Getting Started
Tools required:
- a circular saw or a jigsaw;
- hand hacksaw on a tree;
- screwdriver;
- stapler;
- hammer;
- ladders and stairs;
- lifting equipment: winch or block.
First of all, you need to draw a sketch of the roof battens and as a whole, choose the material, method of cutting, stacking and fixing step guides, and other design parameters. This will help to carry out accurate calculation of the required number of materials, including waterproof double-sided tape, lath and fasteners.
How to insulate a sloping roof
Apply two basic styles:
- Thermal insulation of sloped roofs with mineral wool, a stacked inside. Fill the spaces between the rafters below. Suitable for thermal insulation of roofs or ready for laying in the rain.
- Fixing a layer of mineral wool on top planokr battens disposed below or on top of the rafters. Most often used in the construction of a new roof. It provides better insulation, since the continuous layer is not divided rafters wool having high thermal conductivity.
Technology insulation sloping roof with mineral wool as follows:
- Soak the rafters and lathing ognebiozaschitnym composition.
- Measure step rafters, wool panels need to be wider than 2-3 centimeters. Prune them if necessary.
- Fill frame mineral wool.
- Seal the gap remaining scraps Check the fixing mats. Strengthened if necessary.
- Roll over wool waterproofing film overlapping a 15-40 cm and the same margin for eaves. Joints glue double sided tape construction.
- Set crate under the roofing material. Between him and the film should be a gap of 3-5 cm for ventilation.
- Lay and fix the roof.
- On the bottom side to attach rafters vapor barrier to protect wool from moist air. Are stacked with an overlap of 15-20 cm and a fixture on the double sided tape and then stapled to the rafters. The film does not have much pull, it can bend on santimetr- half.
- If necessary, mount the decorative ceiling finish.
If you choose to use thick basalt vatu- must install additional bottom crate for her support. Themselves malouprugie plate will not stay.
high-density plates are heavy and can not alone be held between the beams. In this case, before installing to make crate of rails on which they are based.
Insulation of flat roofs
For roofs with a slight slope rigid sheets used basalt wool and glass wool of high density. Soft wool is better not to use- it will wrinkle when moving workers and materials on the roof, can tear vapor barrier film. Insulation can be laid in one execution screed laid on top of insulation.
The sequence of operations on a single layer flat roof insulation is mineral wool:
- Clear traces of the roof of the old roof, dirt, foreign affairs.
- Check the integrity of the roof seal the holes and slots as necessary to align the surface.
- To align pour the entire surface by cement mortar or vetonitom so as to obtain a bias 2-5about
- After drying primed screed surface.
- Apply waterproofing. Concrete panel coated with bituminous mastics, wood-film membrane structure.
- Coat mastic small roof portion and stow neatly thereon mineral wool slabs in the joint with little emphasis for minimum clearance.
- Repeat the operation in neighboring areas, while the whole roof is covered.
- Apply insulation over the waterproofing using mastic and roll roofing materials.
Walking, and even more gravity move on such roof without temporary bridges devices are not recommended.
The two-layer coating is mineral wool of varying density. First, the bottom layer of a relatively light spread (100-130 kg / m3) And thick panels. The second layer of dense and thin plates (190-220 kg / m3) Is laid on a bituminous mastic with overlap relatively lower.
This design not only provides better insulation, but also greater strength for her after roofing can be walked on.
