Central heating in an apartment house, cottages, or a country house and other buildings, designed for their high-quality heating. This occurs when a single thermal center, wherein the heat generators or heat exchangers are arranged. They can be located in a building, e.g., a boiler or heat point, or beyond, for example, CTP, thermal station or thermal power station.
Central heating is divided into water, steam and air. There was widespread in recent years, received and combined heating.
The device of central heating apartment block
For heating of houses, the most commonly used water central heating system, consisting of the following elements:
- Inlet valves, shut-off building of the heating main. With their help, the conduit is divided into outer and inner part. For serviceability of the first employees responsible thermal service. Responsibility for the inner part rests on communal services.
- Tapping hot heating pipes for flow and return pipes. With their help, made the distribution of water on the towel, in the apartment.
- Heating silo by means of which, there is a water temperature control system. This is possible thanks to the fact that it is mixed with hot water has cooled, from the return. The volume of the latter depends on the diameter of the circulation port elevator. It can be changed, allowing you to adjust the water temperature in heating apartments.
- Brownies valves required for clipping in the unheated period of an apartment building from the heating duct.
- Discharge - valve through which in case of repair, the water is drained from the system.
Attention: Central heating system in a building, provides for a special spill inside the building, is a tube through which coolant enters the vertical risers. If you live in the old Soviet five-story building, the basement will be lower spills from which risers are connected to each other in the attic or in the upper part of the building.
But this kind of connection has a significant drawback. High probability zaledeneniya coolant central heating of apartment buildings in the winter, when the water circulation is stopped. To avoid this, it is necessary to pay attention to their quality insulation. In the upper part of the building are typically located and vents for discharge of excess air. Quite often they are presented bleed screw.
If you live in a nine-storey building, the spill will not be in the basement and the attic. This arrangement enables almost immediately distribute water for heating risers at startup. Problems with the air into the risers are missing. The great advantage of this top-spill from the bottom.
See also: how to carry out the heating in the apartment with his hands?
Inside apartment heating devices and temperature control
type of batteries installed in the apartments depend on the year of construction of the building. If it is built in the Soviet era, the apartments will be installed, one of the following types of radiators:
- Steel convectors, having metal housing, wherein the tube coils are DU-20 and the combined cross-section.
- Cast iron sectional batteries, which are not only of considerable weight, but also considerable heat. Each radiator accounts for up to 150 watts. These disadvantages include the risk of leaks and an unattractive appearance.
The size of the radiators or sections of them depends on what floor is flat and which form the coolant circulation in the building. For example, if the top, the coolant reaching to the first floor, will lose its temperature. So, to heating of an apartment house to be effective in an apartment if it is located on the lower floors, it should increase the number of sections or install larger radiators.
In modern multi-storey buildings are usually mounted bimetallic radiators. Of course, in that case if the heating system water. Note: These radiators are made of aluminum and are distinguished by excellent heat dissipation, which is equal to about 200 watts per battery. But the cost of such heaters is quite high. But at the height of their efficiency. A fairly common question - to set bimetallic battery or not, the owner apartments must respond independently, deciding for themselves whether he is ready to "fork", that he was heat.
Temperature conditions in the apartments included in the current situation of SNIP. In the presence of a central heating it constitutes:
- Bathroom - 25 degrees;
- living room and bedroom - 20 degrees;
- kitchen - 22 degrees;
- corner rooms - 22 degrees.
And set the maximum temperature of the water in the pipes of the heating system. It should not exceed 95 degrees.
Central heating apartment block can effectively warm the room, but at the same time, the temperature in the apartment is completely dependent on the work of the boiler and other external factors. In this, the system is significantly inferior individual heatingWhich is devoid of this shortcoming.
Central heating system in a private home
Having a central heating in a private home, a very common phenomenon. It has many advantages. The concept of a central heating, involves the presence of the coolant of the generator, which takes over the function of the central boiler.
connection
Connection of the heating occurs after the conclusion of the relevant contract between the owner of the building and the organization providing the service. There are three options for connecting the central heating to the private house:
- dependent direct flow diagram;
- independent circuit;
- dependent circuit with the installation of an elevator.
Each home heating scheme presented above have their advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account.
independent system
Quite often, for heating private houses, used it independent circuit. It is ideal in cases where, for whatever reasons, there is no possibility to increase pressure in the heating system. Most often this occurs for structural reasons. In particular, if the house has a heating system consisting of a plastic tube, it is independent circuit is required using circular pump. In the building, the system can be filled from the mains or from a district heating plant with a special locking valve. But it must have an expansion tank.
dependent scheme
Central heating system of a country or a private home, and can be made by using a dependent scheme. But it requires the installation of the adapter. This function is performed by individual heat point, having Squirrel node. The latter is designed to transfer heat energy. Indeed, in a central heating system, the heating medium temperature of about + 150 degrees, whereas in the house, it should not be more than ± 90 degrees.
Attention: It is for the temperature drop and meets the elevator. It should be noted that despite the temperature of 150 degrees, the water in the central system does not boil. This prevents high pressure.
The elevator is required for transferring heat from the primary heating system. He, thanks to the injection nozzle, making much faster speed of movement of water in the home heating system. Because of its availability, water is heated by partial mixing occurring with the coolant from the central heating system, whose temperature is very high. The elevator has a casing of steel with its inside the mixing chamber. Also, it is equipped with a nozzle orifice-shaped aperture.
Rapid mixing of the water in the heating system of the house occurs due to its high velocity at the nozzle exit. Her depression is behind the jet. Already cooled down water from the return of the heating system falls into this scattered space.
In the presence of the elevator, also possible to control the amount of hot water consumed. This is due to the ability to control the passage cross section of the nozzle. Management occurs using overlapping part "needle" hole, which has the form of a cone having a top small slope. It moves through a special mechanism provided with the rotary withdrawn outwardly. Proportional heating water temperature, and changes its flow, when passing through the nozzle.
Also, the elevator at the same time performs the role of the temperature controller, mixer and pump. These devices have quiet operation and reliability. Including due to them, dependent water circulation pattern is very popular.
Dependent direct flow diagram
The simplest scheme of central heating of a country house, is a co-current dependent. This system has no mixers, expansion tank, mixer and other ancillary elements. In its composition only comprises pipes and radiators. The system even at high pressure and temperature, provides excellent safety elements. But there she has a significant disadvantage. The temperature in a private home depends entirely on the central boiler.
Attention: Plastic pipes, which are currently a solid demand, while dependent flow diagram should not be used.
Experts believe that with the help of which of the three systems mentioned above is performed central heating in the cottage or a private house, the most universal is dependent, Accessible elevator. This is due to the fact that it does not require the use of a pump to pump.
Despite some drawbacks, namely central heating is the most common. It can be used effectively to heat an apartment or private house, even in extreme cold.
