Warming of the floor in a house or apartment is held in order to retain heat in the living space, often because basements are cold and are not exploited. In some cases, the basement is heated and used for different purposes, then with him would be no problems. But if there is no such, it is necessary to carry out insulation of the basement floor, and it can be done in different ways and materials.
ways of warming
Producing work in several ways, while using as a cellar ceiling and the floor directly. It is the last point at which heat is lost the most, especially if made of concrete - cold material. Heating will not be effective when the concrete is not closed by blowing and cold passage.
When the basement still raw, in the same apartment can be formed mold, a bad influence on the health of residents and the people themselves will often get sick because of the cold weather and high humidity. To prevent the ingress of moisture in the house, you need to spend more and waterproofing. If you know what materials to use in this case and that of the tools used for the job, perform the task can even host without any special skills.
In the case of the part of the basement insulation is necessary to finish his ceiling, thus protecting against the cold floor of the house. This option does not involve a wide choice of materials, it can be a sheet or board materials, they can be placed on the ceiling with the help of glue or fix the dowel-nails. More expensive but effective solution is a liquid polyurethane foam, which requires certain skills.
To insulate the overlap at the top, can be applied dry substances or embed system "warm floor", which will be electric or water types. The most efficient system is achieved in the event that complement the design of the cake waterproofing and insulation, otherwise the heat generated will go to the basement, but not in the living space. But the floor heating installed in the basement is not necessary to make enough of him to additional thermal insulation.
The structure of the insulation
Overlap between the floors, including a basement apartment and presented often concrete. In this insulation will have the form of cake, which is:
- slab or foundation;
- steam, as a film;
- he insulation of any kind;
- waterproofing;
- finishing screed of foam or cement.
Each of the layers in the basement floor performs its function, for example, the insulating film protects the main heating material from high humidity, which can rise up from the basement. Thus the insulation be able to perform its function of keeping warm in the room, and for waterproofing film does not tolerate excess moisture. Finishing screed is required for laying flooring quality and good appearance.
Before starting work, inspect the cap for cracks or other damage. This is important if there is at the bottom of the basement, because it is through them can escape the heat.
When finding surface defects, they must be eliminated by using foam or cement. In addition to protection against the ingress of cold air it will prevent further damage to the basics and do not give cracks and holes increase in size.
types of heaters
See also - insulation from inside and outside the apartment.
To insulate the floor, located above the cold basement are several types of materials. They can be in the form of blocks, bulk materials and rolls, in some cases there are even liquid heaters. They are suitable for the cold floor, which is located on ground floor over a basement. The most commonly used mats and board materials with low weight and the same thermal conductivity.
Finish using such materials can be carried out on the floor, and from the basement by placing them on the ceiling. They are made from foam and is generated based on mineral wool, basalt fibers and polystyrene foam. In private houses are widely used organic insulation materials, such as straw, but they degrade over time and need to be updated.
Slabs and mats can be used in parallel with the roll of insulation, this will increase the thickness of the layer and improve heat saving space.
Loose insulation are less popular, but effective, as can fill the space between the crate. Thereby minimizing the chance that some of the space will remain uncovered, and through them will be cold. Expanded clay and similar materials may be used both on the ground under the floor of an individual house, and in the apartments, which are placed under unheated rooms.
Construction materials for thermal insulation of basements roll type can be thick and thin, their range is very large:
- foamed polystyrene;
- mineral wool;
- mats on the basis of cork;
- insulation with foil.
In the case of mineral wool and polystyrene require crate, because the material usually has a large thickness, but the foil embodiments that do not have a thick layer, it is better to use as a additional. They do not allow the passage of the cold air, who managed to pass through the base material. The optimal material for thermal insulation of apartments above the cold basement will roll, rock wool, it is inexpensive and very easy to assemble.
Liquid heating materials can be very simple, it is considered the most popular with the mass of cement mortar admixtures. To improve the structure and properties of heat-mixture may be added in the foam, wood shavings and expanded clay aggregate. There is a modern version of the polymer-based which has a foamed structure. He called penoizol, and to work with them should purchase additional equipment to tightly fill the voids between the crate.
The choice of material
In the market of building materials there are a large number of heaters and with the help of the majority can be carried out warming of the floor, carrying out work on the part of the cellar. The most universal of these is considered to be mineral wool, which can be placed under a concrete screed or the same place under the wooden ceiling. If there is a lag overlap is permissible to use bulk embodiments, the lag can be located above the concrete and the joining overlap. A good option is foam insulation that fills the space between the beams.
To maximize fill the area between the beams and underneath them, you can use:
- polyurethane;
- expanded clay;
- vermiculite;
- perlite.
The first position is a foam insulation, all others are free-flowing. When placed on the floor screed without lags equipment should be used insulation sheet. In the space between the boards and lay bare concrete foam layer, it is also possible to use mineral wool.
Occasionally on the waterproofing immediately put laminate, but it is necessary to use a heater with high density. The most appropriate solution would be to pre-fill the reinforced ties, this will increase the quality of work and increase the reliability. These methods and materials for the floor will be allowed only for rooms where not carried out finishing.
If the need for insulation is made available under the current repairs are likely to be required to remove the floor, and then put it back on. Warming is possible without massive work, it needs to lay on top of the tile or linoleum insulation, which is placed under the WATERPROOF film. Cover material can be laminated, or first make a tie.
insulation procedure
To carry out insulation, you need to stock up on some of the tools that will be about the same in all cases:
- Level to check the tilt.
- Building mixer to prepare an adhesive.
- Bucket of glue.
- Spatula, which is applied to the adhesive and plaster.
- Sandpaper.
- Hacksaw to cut the insulation.
insulation technology is similar to the case with all materials. Thus, when finishing the floor of concrete in a private home, where no less than the basement, you will need to use a combination of materials, so the thickness should be calculated in advance. If the work is carried out in the final room, you need to prepare basis:
- decorative covering is removed, and concrete is checked for cracks and chips;
- purified plate, and those defects which have been detected, are corrected by cement solution;
- in order to enhance the effect, used Siling - special treatment for strengthening;
- plank waterproofing.
For protection from water generally acquire a polyethylene film or a water repellent primer in the first case the material should be so much so that it came to the walls of about 20 centimeters. The apartment crate for laying insulation can be placed on the waterproofing, in particular the structure is better raise it to about 5 cm., for this to insulation placed cuts of timber, which is placed under the roofing material.
Next on the bars put logs, and in the space is filled with loose insulation, but it placed the tiles or mineral wool rolls. The layer that is located at the top, should be less than 5 mm lag, and it is covered with insulation film, which will provide adequate ventilation. Later, you can make a rough floor, and have it placed finish. By the same principle, and is equipped with external insulation, which can be supplemented with effect from the floor finish.
Warming from the basement
If the apartment is on the ground floor and the cellar is located at the bottom, it will effectively insulate its ceiling. It is fixed insulation, so bulk and liquid options can not be used, instead can offer foam penofleks and mineral wool. Foam thrown on special glue, and the gap between the tiles cover with foam.
Mineral wool insulation will hold, though more difficult, but still possible, initially to the ceiling the bars are fastened, the distance between which is the width of the mineral wool strip, from which is subtracted 5 centimeters. This will enable the most densely build material in the region and to eliminate the presence of unoccupied areas. To hold the heater attached to it fiberboard or plywood, and the slit, as before, are sealed with foam, which does not allow the passage of moisture and cold air.
helpful hints
Insulation to be effective, and the procedure is simple, it is necessary to take into account some of the nuances. Starting stage suggests that the concrete and the walls will be tested for the presence of defects. If cracks or chips are present, they should be sealed cement solution or with foam. In particularly difficult cases where the destruction of large, you may need to update the masonry, if any.
If the basement has a ventilation strokes, then in winter it is better to cover up, but it is impossible to seal completely. The optimal solution would be due to insulating properties of low density foam, this is achieved by the porous structure.
Vapor barrier must necessarily be fixed, it will not allow moisture to accumulate and become defective material, but It should seal the joints of special adhesive tape, so that they can not pass moisture and because of this did not occur dampness floor. Despite the need to limit the access of air under the floor blocking the ventilation passages can not be completely, because in this case the condensate will be formed under the floor.
Increases the reliability of insulation
High-quality work, which will be good to keep the heat not only depends on the material, but also what kind of equipment is used to secure it. For example, mineral wool will give the maximum effect, if:
- Make a rough coating of a mixture of sand and cement, it is placed flat and tamped.
- waterproofing is done, it can be used as a film, as well as roofing material.
- Plates will be placed evenly and without any gaps, if this is achieved, then additional sizing is not required.
- Present screed several centimeters thick, it is desirable to strengthen the galvanized mesh, which is filled with a further layer of concrete. It would be better to use the expanded version, which is lighter than the standard.
- The floor covering is laid only after the complete hardening of concrete.
Warming of the floor, which is above the cold and damp basement - an unusual task, because to be at the same time protect the room and the damp, and the penetration of cold. For this purpose a special heating material that complements the hydro-and vapor barrier basement. If the technology will be maintained in the room will always be warm and mold will never appear in living rooms.