Sewage wastewater and multi-storey private houses used a gravity sewer system. Its principle of operation is based on an independent movement of domestic sewage under the influence of natural gravity. The efficiency of the inner and outer engineering network depends not only on the quality of sanitary equipment, but also on how properly configured bias actual laying sewer pipe
The functional significance of the angle of inclination
To more clearly explain the complex plumbing term "bias sewer pipe" enough paper to make a simple flowchart of the horizontal portion sewage. When connecting the starting point to point wiring pipe lower end of the pipeline in the drawing can be clearly seen that the line sewage passes not horizontally, but at a certain angle sufficient for the free movement drains. Here a linear deviation of the actual straight line from the horizontal is called the angle of inclination of the sewer pipe.
Despite the seeming simplicity of laying drainage of waste water system, there a number of technical intricacies, without which it is impossible to ensure smooth operation drain. You can make home sewer network of the most solid tubulars and set in an apartment trendy sanitary devices. But if the installation sewer layout is laid horizontally, without taking into account the allowable slope will not be timely recycling dirty water, and sewage, accumulating in the tubular cavities through the shell or bowl will back enter the premises.
Important! In order to avoid such problems, you need to make the right decision on creation of the free flow in the pipelines.
Compliance with regulatory parameters inclination of pipes for laying sewerage
drainage networks tilt angle is not a constant value
The norm of the indicator depends on the following factors:
- Current pipeline diameter.
- Type of materials used for the construction of the sewer line.
- Mounting scheme employed effluent line.
For the full drainage of sewage is important to properly design the bias network wiring.
If the home sewage disposal and reset network installed independently, one should not go to extremes and take too steep or the minimum angle of inclination.
the minimum pitch
Sewage network, the projected minimum slope creates the necessary conditions for moving the waste water by gravity. The following adverse events may occur in such engineering services:
- A decrease in the flow rate of effluent dense particles are not washed off with water and deposited on the walls of the communication.
- There is a gradual accumulation of solids, and consequently, clogging occurs inside the cavity.
- In accommodation, unpleasant smell. This phenomenon involves the annoying delay wastewater, which contains particles of different impurity densities. The internal cavity begins to be covered with silt build-up, which are a source of unpleasant odors.
To eliminate the problems encountered water taking engineering communications, is in violation of the technical requirements have to be cleaned regularly and carry out an audit of the entire home network.
steep incline
Laying of the home network of sewage with a linear gradient maximum communication also is not the right solution. With this layout are prerequisites for private prevention tassel. The need for additional cleaning due to the following factors:
- High speed heavy water flow does not wash off the solid fractions which are deposited on the inner surface.
- It occurs layering hard fecal particles tubular wall cavity. Hard faeces layers are pressed into a solid accumulation and hinder the free movement of effluents.
- Stop valves and pipe joints for oestrus wastewater subjected to additional stress, which may lead to emergency situations and breakages depressurization plenum network.
For more information about the negative consequences of an illiterate organization wastewater domestic wastewater, can be conclude that it is best to conduct a gravity sewer lining according to technical rules and the requirements of SNIP.
Units tilt sewage pipelines
In conventional systems metric angles are measured in degrees. Sanitary sewer systems a measure adopted by a tilt indicator - centimeters to 1 meter running.
At first glance, to measure the magnitude of the linear inclination angle may appear incorrect, however, for Sanitary engineering communications measurement in centimeters - cm / linear meter, more comfortable and practical.
To understand what is the visibility of this indicator, you can consider the following example: horizontal pipe drainage f * 50 mm according to the recommended specifications laid at an angle of inclination of 3 cm.
In practice this means that one meter drop between the beginning and end of the segment meter will be 3 cm.
The dependence of the angle of inclination of the parameters tubes
There is a direct correlation of utilities tilt indicator discharge of sewage from the technical indicators used tubular products:
- Slope for sewer pipes 50 mm. The horizontal sections intranet 50 mm diameter recommended stack with a slope of 30 mm per 1 linear meter.
- The angle of inclination of the sewer pipe of 110 mm. Meter section of 100 mm diameter pipe, connected to drain waste water from the toilet bowl mounted with a slope of 20 mm per 1 m linear.
- External water taking the network diameter of 160 mm mounted with sewage slope per meter of 8 mm.
- The drainage pipe with a cross section of 200 mm is laid with a gradient of 0.7 cm. running at 1 meter.
The magnitude of the inclination angle when installing communications is not constant and at a constant horizontal drainage portion can range from 5 to 15 cm. Significant impact on the figure has number Fittings, pipes, lines and angular rotations line length.
Table of recommended permissible deviations for household plumbing fixtures according to snip:
| device name | Recommended diameter, mm | Normal bias angle | maximum gradient |
| Sink, sink, tub | 50 | 0,035 | 0,025 |
| Toilet bowl | 100 | 0,02 | 0,012 |
| Dishwasher and washing machine | From 40 to 50 | 0,035 | 0,025 |
| External sewage systems | From 110 to 160 | 0,7 | 0,8 |
| waste collectors | 150 to 200 | 0,7 | 0,5 |
In homes and apartments high-rise buildings waste water is discharged via the internal network of the combined type, combining the used water draining from the shower stall, sink and bath. In this case it is recommended to use a 50 mm diameter pipe with a gradient 1:48 mm.
Important! Over range is strictly prohibited, sewage system rapidly silting and reduced water removal efficiency.
The concept of filling pipes (calculated and an optimum level)
The technical term "occupancy tube" indicates the recommended water flow rate in the tube cavity, sufficient for smooth discharge of household sewage. It is clear that the efficiency of water removal depends on the angle at which the line is laid waste.
Characteristic filling pipe is calculated and the optimum level of the waste water stream. The calculated degree of filling tube cavity is calculated using the formula:
H = B / A, where:
- H - the calculated level of fullness.
- In - the height of the liquid level in the tube.
- D - diameter of the pipeline.
In practice, the calculated rate of filling the inner diameter of the sewer is 0.3. This means that the inside of the pipe network should be filled about 1/3 of its volume.
The optimal level of filling household waste nets of plastic and iron can be seen in the following table:
| Material pipe | The optimal level of fullness |
| Cast iron | 0,6 |
| asbestos cement | 0,6 |
| Ceramics | 0,5 |
| Plastic | 0,5 |
Indicator optimum filling - an important indicator for determining the desired rate of flow of waste water into the cavity when the actual filling level of the inner part of the tube.
Important! Indicators filling sewage pipeline regulated snip 2.04.010-85 regulations to be followed when installing the inner sewer line.
Recommendations masters and general rules for the installation of internal and external sewage according to SNIP 2.04.01-85
Independent design domestic drainage system and sewage discharge should begin with a review a set of technical rules and regulations detailed in SNIP 2.04.01-85, as well as in normative documents of GOST 25150-82.
The rules are clear definitions and concepts:
- what it is in the home network drain dirty water;
- have diameters of tubulars used for efficient removal;
- provides regulatory tube tilt indicators for sewerage in the private house and the apartment.
interior drainage
In-house sewage system consists of wastewater sources - household plumbing fixtures, such as bathtubs, sinks, washbasins and pipelines for the disposal of waste. Self sewer network consists of pipes of diameter 50 mm and 100 mm. If earlier for the installation were used exclusively of cast iron pipes, but recently they have come to replace the plastic pipe products.
When installing sanitary sewage communication is important to consider all the requirements of building regulations:
- In the apartment to pick up the slope laying pipework, taking into account the existing sewer standpipe.
- If the diameter of the horizontal sewer is 50 mm, the recommended slope should be 3 cm to 1 meter.
- The pipeline with a diameter of 160 mm is laid with a gradient of 0.7 mm.
It should remember the peculiarities of the vertical drainage device of the system of waste water in apartment buildings. In such a scheme impurity moved along the perimeter of the inner walls of tubular cavity, and in the center the air flow of water as it is compressed, reducing the likelihood of blockage in the riser.
With self-laying sewer can use the tips of masters:
- we recommend using angular bends 45 degrees to the horizontal sewer lines.
- Central risers run vertically. Using direct Elbows 90 degrees is prohibited.
If the length of the horizontal sewerage line is small, it may be a slight excess of the angle of inclination.
Outdoor sewerage network
outdoor sewerage conduit is laid slightly below the foundation of the building and connected to a central backbone or to a storage structure. For utilities used tubulars diameter of at least 110 mm and the stacking performed with a gradient of 0.02 meters per meter.
External networks are equipped with inspection chambers, necessary for preventive cleaning and inspection. Under the rules of manholes arranged every 10 meters in the case of the twists and turns of line - and additionally in these places.
Effective use of the sewer network is only possible with proper inclination angle calculating horizontal pipework. In case of doubt in their abilities or lack of baggage of technical knowledge, it is better to give up self designing a home network and waste water disposal to turn to professional designers - for the development of the art and design
Videotutorial - which deviation is laid drainage in the apartment: