Heating systems used in everyday life, have different technological capabilities and different efficiency. In many respects out of heating systems now in first place in the popularity of "warm floor". In many ways, this attitude towards this method of heating caused by increased rates of small residential buildings. Holiday homes, cabins and vacation homes are increasingly becoming the targets of permanent residence. Against this background, the inhabitants and owners of such housing seek to achieve in their apartment the most comfortable conditions. Laying water floor heating, just fully capable of satisfying such expectations.
Heating, embedded in the floor comfortable in all respects. In addition to the high efficiency of the method of space heating, the system opens opportunities for the design of internal space of residential buildings. However, in order to get inside the apartment building suitable temperature and do the job heating equipment optimal, it is necessary to comply with mounting technology and set the mode correctly management.
Laying of floor heating water is a sequential process in which each stage has its own value and consistency. The decisive stage of all the work would be made concrete screed for warm water floor. What is the feature of mounting floor heating in the home? On what a flooring design should focus?
The substrate for floor heating. What it is? Is the value of this item
The main condition for the success of your home heating system warm floor is not only a properly connected and configured hardware. In many ways, the heating effect depends on how well done underfloor heating the substrate, the routing water heating circuits and finally selected a floor finish.
Let you be the most powerful boiler, pumping and mixing station with mass support devices and appliances, the most expensive line of pipes, only one item can neutralize such advantages. An incorrectly pipe laying, incorrectly selected heater for hot water floor will make even the most advanced equipment ineffective. Precious heat will go to waste, giving only a small part of the floor surface.
On a note: coolant circulating through the pipes of the water circuit must give up to 80% of its thermal energy floor surface, uniformly heating the entire floor area of the heated space.
Such indicators are achieved by stacking a layer cake correct sequence, wherein there waterproofing layer and the substrate. This element layer cake made of insulating materials having low thermal conductivity. Due to this, the quality of thermal insulation materials is achieved thermally desired effect. The heat reflected from the substrate, directs the bulk up, passing an optimal amount of calories of the floor surface. The substrate laid under floor heating, wherein the water circuit is hidden in the concrete floor or in the middle of the grazing system is becoming a key factor in the effectiveness of floor heating.
Thus, we actually answer the question, why do we need a substrate. Thermal insulation is laid on the rough surface prepared by increasing the water side heat transfer in the direction of the floor surface.
For reference: the substrate is composed of a heat insulating material, thereby creating a "thermos effect" and waterproofing layer, whereby moisture is prevented penetration into the cellar.
It is worth recalling that the water is usually mounted on a concrete floor and wooden ceilings. Leakage arising as a result of damage the integrity of the heating pipe, and the formation of condensate accumulation could cause basement flooding and the lower floors of premises.
For underfloor important substrate thickness. The quality of layer cake depends on the materials used in the construction. The optimum would be to use insulating material for the substrate and the necessary rigidity with high thermal conductivity. It is important that the material has been technological, ie convenient and practical to work with him. Good support cost is not cheap, but it will be long and will significantly increase the functionality of water sexes.
The main quality characteristics, in this case include the following aspects:
- Optimal parameters hydro and thermal insulation;
- presence of high reflectivity;
- ecological safety of the materials used;
- high resistance to abrupt temperature changes;
- simplicity and practicality of installation;
- high resistance to deformation;
- fire.
These parameters correspond to an ideal embodiment of the substrate of equipment, but in some cases, it is necessary to use materials with similar characteristics. The most common material that is used as heater for warm water floor - is polystyrene. This synthetic material is best suited on the parameters for the installation of warm water floor in the country, in the house or in a city apartment.
Main materials for the substrate for underfloor
We are returning to the polystyrene. Why is this material most often goes to work? What are its main features in the application?
Traditionally warm water floor in most cases is as follows. On the basis of rough penoprolistirola mounted substrate which is covered with Mylar on top vapor barrier film and metal plates. Often used instead of plates foil film. The main role of the metal plate or foil, maximum and uniform transfer of heat the floor surface of the heating pipe.
The distinctive features of the extruded (foam) expanded polystyrene should include one of the lowest thermal conductivity. According to this parameter, according to the data of the table, second only to polystyrene mineral wool.
Such material does not allow the heat to escape into the subfloor, and due to the interaction with the metal layer are ideal conditions for uniform heat distribution across the floor surface with maximum efficiency. Screed floor laid on top of the entire structure becomes integral heating element with a large area heating surface.
Important! Expanded polystyrene is capable of withstanding the heating temperature to 900C, so the pipe can be laid directly onto the substrate without fear of harm insulating material.
Typically, in practical work with polystyrene, whose density is 25-35 kg / m3. Thick foam substrate used for floors on the ground floor, which are arranged directly on the foundation or on the basement. Here taken sheet or slab 100 mm thick. In the absence of the necessary thickness of the plates, the foam is placed in two layers (50mm + 50mm).
For interpanel overlaps, in the device of warm water in urban apartment floors using polystyrene 20-30 mm thick.
Other materials used in the equipment of the substrate, are as follows:
- folgizirovannye materials;
- cork;
- mineral wool;
- mineral mats;
- fiberboard;
- penofol.
The choice of material is determined based on a state in which will be subsequently assembling loop water circuit and the type of floor covering. Radiant floor heating provides the internal space in a single room, must be a substrate capable of performing two functions:
- high reflectivity;
- prevent the penetration of moisture into the cellar during emergency situations.
It is appropriate to say that in recent years more and more frequently used profile mats, which are universal materials. The products have a heat-insulating layer and a lug with which quickly and accurately which is laid loop water circuits.
However, in this case, there are disadvantages. Waterproofing properties of the substrate made of profiled mats, leave much to be desired. Therefore, in such a situation it is necessary to lay an additional waterproofing layer.
Important! In the process of laying it is worth remembering that folgiruyuschy layer must go to the wall, which would compensate for the thermal expansion of ties.
Marking applied to the substrate, according to which the water pipe laying. It is necessary to take into account the step of laying the pipe, which is underfloor heating should not exceed 30 cm.
Characteristics of the materials for the support equipment
In some cases, residents of homes tend to use for thermal insulation of all materials available at hand or have a low cost.
Consider the characteristics of the substrate made of different materials:
- Polyethylene foil, self-adhesive - Thickness 8 mm. Characterized by high reflectivity, hydro and sound insulation.
- Polyethylene sided laminated - Thickness 8 mm. It has good thermal insulation and water resistance.
- Polyethylene foam (Tepofol) - thickness of only 2 mm. Average parameters of thermal insulation;
- Polystyrene foil of varying thickness, with the applied marking. High thermal, hydro and sound insulation characteristics;
- Substrate type Tuplex, corporate product 3 mm thick. It has maximum heat parameters and hydro insulation;
- Padded with foam and Mylar coated, 3 mm thick.
The smaller the thickness of the thermal insulation, the lower the thickness of the entire layered cake. Accordingly, the height of the flow in the room decreases slightly. The thickness of the screed may warm floor water varied between 50-60 mm.
These materials - this is the set, which is now represented in the trading network. At a cost of materials can differ. Here, in the calculation is the amount of material used in the work and that the intensity at which to carry out floor heating.
Less commonly used cork that is made of oak bark crushed. Here, there is one important aspect - the material is environmentally friendly. However, when moisture can become a place for the development of the fungus. This material is supplied in rolls.
The cheapest option - polyethylene foil. Of all these materials PE foil is the most common today. Despite the fact that the material of high insulation characteristic and rather moderate waterproofing, polyethylene foil does not have sufficient rigidity and strength.
In order to achieve the quality of the installation of underfloor heating, try to use foil polystyrene. Do not pay attention to the cost of the material, it is high, but the obvious benefits more than offset your costs by making water the floor durable and effective.
conclusion
The substrate is a structural element, without which it is impossible to dispense warm water when laying floors. Having the necessary thermal insulation and waterproofing layer, the substrate provides a high rate of heating the floor surface and reduces the energy costs for heating residential facility.
