Lighting design apartments: 75 photos of examples of schemes, ideas

Elaborate lighting design should not only transform the interior, but to provide comfort and maintaining the health of inhabitants of the house. When creating the project takes into account a variety of nuances.

Types of lighting and their functions

There are two main types of light sources:

• natural - natural;
• artificial - technical devices of various designs.

The intensity of natural light is directly related to the time of day, depending on the season, geographic location and atmospheric phenomena. Natural light - the most optimal from the point of view of physiology and life. But it is not enough for full operation. That is why so much attention is paid to planning an artificially created additional lighting. It includes incandescent, fluorescent and LED devices.

The main options for artificial lighting:

• general;
• accentuated;
• working;
• combined.

general lighting

This is the most common form, without which does not do any building. The light comes from the top and evenly distributed throughout the room. The most striking example - a chandelier in the center of the ceiling. It does not give light shapes with sharp edges, which can be clearly distinguished on the floor or on the wall.

can be divided into general lighting on:

• direction - the most common variant. It is characterized by the creation of a single light spot. It is possible to organize, using open luminaires in the form of a cone, a hemisphere, a truncated sphere, cube, trapezoids, cylinders, rectangles;
• indirect - formed by light reflection from the walls or ceiling;
• scattered - light scatters through frosted glass or paper lampshade spherical shape. He does not strain the eye and is the most comfortable for the individual. Rays distributed evenly at angles up to 360 degrees. This is due to the use of non-transparent closed lampshades;
• mixed - formed due to the special form of semi-transparent luminaires with open top and bottom. These advanced models are increasingly used in the design of apartments or offices. The glow comes from all sides - makes its way through the wall, bounced off the ceiling and walls, falling on top of the direct light spot. This method of filling the space light is the most productive.

accent lighting

Accent or local lighting is used to highlight certain areas. Its main function - to attract attention to specific objects or areas in a room. It can carry a load of purely decorative - lighting, paintings, sculptures or have practical significance. With the help of point inclusions we can move safely up the stairs, navigate in a dark closet to find your items on the bedside table. Accent lighting allows you to play with space, picking out dark or that area, giving their principal value, depending on their use. At the dinner, illuminated dining group. Then we move on the couch to have a quiet read, or on the contrary, have a chat with people in the household. The multipurpose rooms, for example in the studio or studios, this method of illumination is a must. It allows you to go about their business without disturbing each other. To create accents using floor lamps, table lamps, ceiling hangers, wall lamps, spotlights, LED strips.

There are three kinds of accent lighting:

• sharp - the formation of bright spots with well-rounded edges. Light is not scattered, the space outside the beam in darkness. This method is used in a theater, when only a small isolated region in which the action takes place. Often it is used to focus on an object. It is suitable in order to enhance the beauty of collectible items in glass cases, to allocate expressive architectural elements - columns, bas-reliefs, arches. The beam may be directed up, down or right to the object at an angle of 30 degrees;
• relaxed - created using luminaires equipped with a power regulator. It allows you to effectively but unobtrusively to allocate the necessary details. Obvious advantages - achieving less dramatic atmosphere and energy saving;
• soft - is organized to focus attention on a subject that is harmful bright light - paintings and other art objects. It is formed by matte shades placed on the object.

working lighting

Good lighting is essential for efficient and safe operation. In terms of light deficiency increases the load on the eye, which can lead to its reduction. Due to the constant voltage tired not only the eyes, but in general, increased fatigue of the body. Man is not able to for a long time and work productively in the shadows. Efficiency and complexity of activities such as painting, knitting, jewelry making, sewing, reading, writing, cooking depends on the quality of lighting and focus. Total light falls from above, so the workspace creates a shadow. It is necessary to equip the zone with special directional sources - a table lamp, wall lamp, floor lamp, dot tilt devices. It is better not to engage in these zones fluorescent variants, as they often distort the colors and blink, and this has a negative effect on the eyesight. Halogen devices are much better accepted, but they are not economical. Therefore, the best choice - LED designs that produce pleasing to the eye glow and consume a fraction of the electricity.

combined lighting

The essence of this option is to combine the methods described above. Draft any interior certainly contains a combination of various types of lighting. In some areas dominated by the general, in other accent. For example, in the living room a central role for luxury or concise mnogorozhkovym chandeliers. And in the office or bedroom bright ambient light is not so important, but we can not do without a good table lamp or a sconce. Light - one of the most popular tools for zoning premises. The children's room, in addition to the general, local devices are needed in the working area and game. In the kitchen - above the dining table and above the surface of the cooking. In the bathroom and hallway - in the mirror zone or a decorative niche. The combination of the different options can be seen in any room, but it takes on a special significance in the multi-functional. In the living room combined with a bedroom, kitchen or dining room is especially important to provide for the possibility of different lighting scenarios.

Rules and regulations

The use of artificial lighting made it necessary to develop clear requirements for its parameters. Matter how well it is organized, well-being depends on his emotional state, the ability to qualitatively work, maintaining good vision. Therefore, for various premises established its own specific rules. It is easy to guess that for the office and a storage room of their values ​​will not be the same. The main document on which you want to navigate, assessing the number and power of devices in the apartment - SNIP 23-05-95. It regulates natural and artificial lighting of residential, educational, commercial and industrial buildings as well as squares, parks, streets, squares.

The unit of measurement light is Suite -1 lumens per square. m. The rate depends on the destination premises. For example, for a living room, dining room or bedroom 150 sufficiently Lk. In the children's need to ensure 200Lk, in the bathroom or the kitchen is already 250, and 300 in the office all. In the hallway, a closet, the attic or in the basement need 50-60 Lk.

On the sources of light

The natural sources include solar rays, glowing stars, aurora moonlight. Artificial resources - this fire: fire, torches, candles and gas lamps, and electrical fixtures. Recent divided into several types:

• incandescent lamps - contain incandescent body, which also produces light. The design of the helix is ​​placed tungsten or carbon filament. Then, in a vacuum flask. This prevents oxidation of the metal. When the electrical circuit is heated, due to which the heating element begins to glow. Benefits of these lamps is that they are well withstand temperature extremes. No problem will be to work in the cold aisle or hot bath. The disadvantage of such lamps is that they spend a lot of energy and produces a lot of heat;
• Halogen - they differ from the previous ones is that the bulb is filled with halogen pairs. They are used for the most powerful devices. Gas can significantly increase the temperature of the spiral and extend the period of operation. Like incandescent bulbs, halogen sources are spending a large amount of energy for heating. Another disadvantage - the dependence on voltage surges;

• Luminescent - flasks coated with a special coating on the inside. It emits light due to continuous combustion vapor enclosed in the flask. In comparison with conventional incandescent life of these devices much longer. The obvious advantage - cost. Lamps consume 5-7 times less energy than halogen. The disadvantages include difficulty of use - the need for additional devices - a trigger mechanism, a starter. There are other disadvantages - flicker and sensitivity to low temperatures, air flow and ambient humidity;
• energy-saving - a subspecies of fluorescent lamps. By listed as sources of this type is added to the spiral shape and the presence of the standard cap. Due to this, the lamp can be used in conventional chandeliers and lamps without any additional structures;
• LED - revolutionary device based on the use of LEDs. Unlike the precursors are not heated and does not flicker and well tolerated impact protection and power swings. The high cost of equipment pays off long service life and unbeatable low resource consumption.

Natural light and how to regulate it

A direct hit to the natural light the room can bring some discomfort. Reflected from glossy and specular surfaces, sharp sunbeams irritate the eyes. In addition, they are too much heated room, and it is not always desirable, especially in the summer. Therefore, there are various ways to protect against the ingress of daylight and regulate its amount.
Traditionally, for this purpose use a variety of curtains and tulle. The choice of material depends on the needs of the owners of the premises. You can choose light and transparent curtains that only slightly adjust the lighting. Or blind curtains that create in the room absolutely dark even in the daytime. The light controller uses blinds, roller blinds. There is a more radical solution - install windows with a special coating to reflect the sun's rays. This is especially true for the windows in the roof of the attic floor. And for those who do not have the possibility to change the glass is full of proposals for dubbing the film, a selfglue.

If the light is not enough, you can "catch" with:

• Expansion windows;
• introducing into the interior of the reflecting surfaces, light finishing, and furniture;
• removal of trees and bushes that cover the windows.

About fixtures and their placement

Harmonious lighting scenario created, starting from the features of the room, the design direction. A well-chosen accents can visually change the space to correct its flaws and highlight the merits.

"Queen" of lighting remains the chandelier. In a large room with a high ceiling use massive structures on a long suspension. Low ceilings - a reason to reduce the length of the cord or chain and send the Rays up, creating the illusion of raised arches. Spotlights can be a supplement to the "Home decoration" living room or act as a "basis" in the hallway or the bathroom. Sconces, spotlights, floor lamps, table lamps - are highly specialized in addition to the main light. Each of them has its own specific duties - lighting of working space, a place for relaxing, reading, cooking or eating. LED panels, cables, fiber - a great tool for decorating two-level stretch ceiling or walls. Cords, mounted in drywall niches can be multicolored. To change the color, you just need to press a button on the remote control. With LEDs create a variety of patterns, which look stunning at night.

Is there a style in lighting?

To answer this question we need to look closely at the instruments that help light fills the room. Style depends on the characteristics of the luminaire - shapes, colors, materials of manufacture. In the classical interiors welcome chandeliers and sconces with crystal pendants. In today's reign chrome device. Pop art is filled with bright, sometimes awkward ceiling. Interior country-house in the style of Provence "will warm" textile lampshades. Loft is unthinkable without the production of searchlights, track systems and spots. Country add rustic color forged or wooden structures. Modern made even more spectacular intricate lines and shapes. Selected style affects the number of light sources, their power and placement.

Design room lighting

Proper organization of lighting - one of the primary design goals. This is an important component of comfort and coziness of your home. Each of the rooms have their own rules for the selection and installation of various devices. The light should emphasize the advantages of the selected design, to create a certain atmosphere.

Hallways

Entrance hall, as a rule, deprived of sunlight. Use of artificial sources allows you to turn a gloomy corridor bright, attractive reception area. Bulky devices are no good - why "eat" and without of the small space. In addition, use the volume chandeliers and floor lamps in a small room safe. It is more expedient to place a ceiling spotlighting here, and on the wall near the mirror to hang a sconce. Enhance the lighting LED backlight enclosure or decorative recesses and mirror wall.

Living room

The living situation is reversed. Here volume chandelier is more than appropriate. Since this is a common room, you need to provide different scenarios highlight. Bra on the chair, floor lamp beside the sofa, the unit of the LED fiber on the coffee table perfectly fit into the interior. LED design with a variety of programs to help relax at the weekday and decorate a festive party.

Bedroom

Traditionally decorated bedroom provides for a ceiling light - lamps or built in the ceiling devices, lighting fixtures in the area of ​​bedside tables and dressing table. In addition, use LED backlighting niches, cabinets, beds loop. Special chic give the room a theatrical mirrors, pictures with built-in lamps.

Kitchen

The division of the space into zones determines the use of a common light and highlighting specific areas. Kitchen sets often complement embedded devices, otherwise can be secured at several upper boxes of energy saving devices. Above the dining table is placed a long false ceiling or track structure. The main thing is not to use lamps with a bluish glow - it makes food unappetizing.

nursery

Children - universal premises. The child goes to school here, playing, resting and sleeping. Each activity involves the use of a special space. Lighting zones must comply with their intended use. The training needs aimed source that will not strain your eyes. For example, folding table lamp or a sconce on the clothespin. At the same time should be avoided overly bright, shimmering devices. They contribute to fatigue and damage to the eyes. Zone is illuminated from above - for this purpose is suitable chandelier for a few horns. It is not necessary to hang crystal lampshades or forged - it is not safe. Ball game or the performance of "wheels" are incompatible with the length of the suspension. It is better to choose a lightweight plastic specimen in the basic colors palette. Recreation area or sleep requires a soft ambient glow. It is best to cope with this task nightlight or phosphorescent vinyl stickers. They come in different themes, but the most popular by far - the starry sky. For a room in the attic of a teenager using the tracking system and the series of the same odnorozhkovyh chandeliers or spots. Often they are fixed to the roof slope.

study

The main condition - well-lit work desk, behind which busy people spend their days. This has a direct impact on their efficiency, prevent fatigue, preserves the health of the eye. The top light is not so important. It can be scattered and unobtrusive. The study does not need the palace chandeliers enough embedded devices and a desk lamp with a flexible or foldable leg.

In any room of the house lights must be functional, safe, in harmony with the rest of the interior.