Barberry shrub planting and care in the open field, grade 50 photos

Beautiful barberry bush dream to have on your site every gardener. Ornamental plant looks spectacular, especially at the time of the ovary of flowers and fruits. Its sour-sweet berries used to prepare compotes, jams, liqueurs, confectionery. It belongs to the large family of Berberidaceae, in nature grows on the slopes of the mountains of the northern hemisphere.

Features and description of the plant

Stems are deciduous, evergreen shrubs are covered with spines. Depending on the variety, the leaves are alternate, simple, leathery. They are located on the shoot singly or in a spiral. Small flowers are collected in racemiform or thyroid inflorescence have varied color - yellow-gold to red.

Barberry - good honey plant. When he begins to bloom, it exudes a pleasant aroma, which is not only a pleasure garden visitors, but also attracts bees. Unpretentious bush thrive in any conditions, even tolerate infertile, rocky soil. Barberry comfortable in the eco zone and in an urban environment.

As a culture, barberry is grown in the garden. Maloplodnye varieties used for decorative purposes - do hedge. Spreading crown is easily pruned, allowing her to give any form. flowering period falls on April-May and lasts about three weeks. In September, there are oblong fruits of yellow, red, purple color. Based on the variety of barberry can be sweet, sour and tart taste. The average length of berries - 1.5 cm.

Useful properties of barberry

All of the unique plants used for therapeutic purposes. On the beneficial properties it is known for a long time. Even the official medicine considers bush medicines, capable of realizing through pharmacies of drugs for many diseases based on it.

Nutrients are not only berries, but also in leaves and roots. All parts therapeutic bush rich in vitamins, trace elements, pectin, tannins, organic acids. In addition to the decorative appearance, garden varieties of great medicinal value. bush fruits have the following useful properties:

• Purified blood from harmful substances, strengthen the capillary walls;
• Help to avoid complications for colds;
• Decoction of the fruit and bark reduce inflammation of the gums;
• Berry jams and syrups compensate for the lack of vitamins;
• Normalize the pancreas;
• Possess choleretic, diaphoretic, diuretic action;
• Normalize blood pressure;
• Help to cope with diarrhea the body and poisoning;
• Effectively compete with gastrointestinal diseases.

The main species and varieties

There are about 170 species of plants. Barberry different shape, berry flavor, the type of sheet, yield, dimensions. Each type of shrubs adapted to the specific growing conditions. There are edible, dwarf, fast-growing, columnar, variegated and other varieties. The most popular varieties are:

• Berberis vulgaris. The shrub grows up to 2 meters in height. Love of light, drought-resistant, prefers loose drained soil. It looks nice at a single landing in a group with other varieties. Spreading crown green autumn gets purple hue. Sweet-sour fruit is widely used as a seasoning.
• Thunberg. Deciduous shrub with a broad drooping crown. Whitewashed arched, bright green leaves. Barberry is unpretentious to the ground. It tolerates city conditions (pollution, dust). Good looks freely growing and pruning.
• Ottawa Aurikoma. Undemanding plant grows rapidly, it carries all types of soil. Crohn's - wide and sprawling dropped down branches. It grows well in the sun, in the shade of the leaves lose brightness and color. At a temperature of -25 ° C may partly freeze slightly.
• Barberry sharoplodny. Heat-loving plant needs a good preparation for winter. Leaves - dark green shoots - red. The name was due to the edible fruit of the round form. Blue berries used to prepare various dishes.
• Emerald. The plant is characterized by vertical growth of shoots, which are covered with numerous small spines. Gradually formed a beautiful as Crohn broad pyramid. Green leaves alternate hue depending on the season. Bright red oval fruits ripen in October, does not itself fall off before the frost.
• Kobold. The height and width of the decorative midget bush -. 0.5 m The leaves are small, oval. Spring green, summer become yellowish. In early April, the young shoots grow, appear yellow with red border flowers in May.

landing Features

Barberry is absolutely unpretentious to the growing conditions. Excellent growing in the sun and in the shadow areas. Migrate into the soil should be only healthy seedlings. Appearance of branches is not as important as the state of the root system. The main root must be well developed, more adventitious roots whole and straight.

What time of year to plant

Growing barberry better organized in the heat, in well-lit areas. The most suitable period for planting young seedlings - early spring. You need to select ideal when buds on the trees had not yet opened, but constant zero temperature already established.

If the opportunity to plant a garden in the spring barberry not transferred to the open ground can be carried out in the summer or autumn. It is not necessary to pull up a significant cooling, otherwise the plant may get sick and do not settle down. Underdeveloped root system makes the plant vulnerable in winter. In autumn barberry is better to plant in September.

Choose a landing site should be based on class and destination plants. Direct sunlight suitable ornamental plants. In the penumbra will be comfortable edible varieties.

The choice of location and soil preparation

Any variety of barberry, a common or a short, should be planted in open areas, protected from the winds. Penumbra is only suitable for the green species, variegated, gold from lack of light lose their decorative effect. Before transferring into the ground should determine the depth of groundwater. The plant does not tolerate waterlogging, the root system is rotting, moldy, bush dies. Bush is better to land on a hill, in order to avoid flooding during the heavy rains and the spring thaw.

Planting hole should be prepared 2 weeks before planting the plants. The depth of the pit depends on the type of soil. The average size - 40h40h40 see. If the soil has impurity clay well deepening 10 cm, put into the extra drainage in the form of stones, pebbles. The next layer spread turf ground, humus, add fertilizer.

When the group planting is important to consider the size of the crown of mature plants and to provide sufficient distance between the bushes. Hedge preparing trench. Barberry seedlings is lowered into the hole, straighten roots, and sprinkled the earth, leaving the top of the root neck.

Advice and tips on caring

Properly organized planting to minimize activities for decorative barberry Care. To the bush had an attractive appearance and richly fruited, it must be watered properly, in a timely manner to feed. Pruning is not required, but will help the plant to form a beautiful crown. When properly organized care barberry will delight owners of the site beautiful color and amazing fragrance from May to October.

Watering and fertilizing

Barberry retain moisture better than to overdo it with watering. Young plants will be enough 1st buckets of water once a week. Wet soil should be at least 40 cm deep. Water poured directly below the root, taking care not to wet the leaves on the lower branches. In rainy weather, the soil moisture must be completely eliminated.

In the second year of life barberry need fertilizing. Fertilizers applied at planting, are fully understood, so it is necessary to update the supply of nutrients. If the bush has successfully passed the period of establishment, it should be supported at the time of active growth. Fertilize the plant does not necessarily annually, enough time in the third year.

For the edible varieties of barberry, there are certain rules of dressing. Portion of nitrogen fertilizers introduced into the soil each spring. In mid-summer, spend mineral fertilizer. In autumn add potassium-phosphate mixture.

pruning

Barberry perfectly responds to pruning. Form the crown bush is easy to shape and control. Plants tolerate a haircut. Features of the procedure depends on the ultimate goal. There are three trim:

1. Rejuvenation. Perform the procedure to increase the decorative effect and increase yield. You can achieve a natural upgrade periodic pruning branches that grow in the middle of the bush and do not have ovaries berries. A radical haircut once all unnecessary branches barberry poorly tolerated, slowly recovering. Spend rejuvenation of bushes that are more than 10 years.
2. Sanitary cleaning. The procedure is performed on a regular basis twice a year - spring and fall. Remove diseased, dry, underdeveloped branches. The event takes precedence over other types of pruning, since the plant prevents infection by the fungus, pest attack.
3. Formative pruning. Pruning allows you to keep an attractive appearance of the regular garden hedges. The shape is controlled by shortening branches by one-third or two-thirds of the length. Pruning is carried out twice a year - in June and in August.

Care in the fall and preparing for winter

In addition to pruning in autumn the number of mandatory measures to prepare shrubs for the winter include mulching, making feeding, shelter. Barberry bushes conducted with mulching around-trunk circle cold well tolerated. This is a necessary procedure, especially for plants under 5 years. At the base of the stems spread leaves, sawdust, peat.

Also in the fall need to strengthen the plant with the help of fertilizers. Potassium-phosphate mixture was dissolved in water and poured into a bush base. Manure and nitrogen fertilizers in the fall can not be used because they stimulate the growth of barberry.

Shrubs have good winter hardiness. Mature plants, from 3 years old, do not even need a shelter for the winter. Varieties of southern origin and young barberry require high mulching and hilling. In regions with harsh winters, the upper part of the crown are covered with spruce branches, non-woven fabric.

breeding Methods

Propagate ornamental barberry, like any plant, in several ways. Each option has advantages and disadvantages. Before choosing a suitable method it is necessary to get acquainted with the peculiarities of planting material, to assess the possibility of creating a suitable environment for proper growth and formation of shoots. Due unpretentiousness and good survival rate for reproduction of any of the ways you can use the scrub at home.

Growing from seed

The method is suitable for all varieties of barberry, among seedless. To obtain seeds select the most ripe fruit, clean out the pulp and washed well with planting material. For the purpose of disinfecting the seeds treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and dried. Sow seeds Dried barberries in the open ground in spring or autumn.

Spring sowing is carried out in early May. Make a shallow groove in it and placed material past pre-stratification in the home (in a refrigerator). For some time, it is necessary to cover the bed of the film. Autumn planting suggests that the seeds will be processed under the natural snow.

When choosing a method of seed should be noted that planting material barberry has no genetic memory does not retain the attributes of the variety.

propagation by cuttings

Effective method of propagation can be carried out in the spring, summer or fall. The method makes it possible to maintain grade. Despite the complexity and some complexity, it is very popular. Cutting can immediately get a large number of seedlings that root easily and grow quickly.

For breeding bush used lignified branches. They are cut in the spring, before the buds, or in the fall after leaf fall. You need to select a one-year branch cut with a sharp knife at the root, move the process in a jar with water and leave in a dark place.

Cuttings also carry out green shoots. As a material used middle portion of the stem. Prepared sprigs bind in sheaves and lowered into the water bottom cut. After some time, the cuttings are transferred to a greenhouse and then in the open ground.

reproduction by layering

The easiest method because it always guarantees the root formation. Suitable for some varieties of barberry, which are not capable of giving root growth. The procedure was carried out in spring. Selected shoots lower tier bends to the ground, locking arms and covered with humus, sand and soil.

The roots of the new barberry plants will be formed by the autumn. Next spring, the bushes are separated from the parent bush and planted in a container on a period of consolidation. The first winter the plant should be kept on the porch or wrap up well.

The division of the bush

A simple method of reproduction can be obtained from a bush 2-3 new plants. Option is not suitable for shrubs that are grown in a tree, branching, which begins above the soil level. Works on separation should be carried out with great care, there is a high probability that the disconnected barberry bad transfer transplant.

Share can only be prepared in advance of the barberry. When planting the main plant root collar specially deepened into the ground a few centimeters in order to stimulate tillering. A couple of years the plant will be fully ready to reproduce by dividing.

Separation procedure is carried out in the autumn. Bush carefully dig and cut the root of the clippers into three parts. Each of the new plants should be a strong root base, at least three of the stem.

Diseases and pests

Berry bushes are often amenable to a variety of diseases that deplete it, degrade the quality of the crop and the number of useful fruits. Save fruiting performance is possible only at the timely prevention of diseases, tactful treatment. All kinds of barberry more likely to suffer from the following diseases and pests:

• Powdery mildew. Fungal disease strikes only ornamental shrubs. The fungus appears white coating on the leaves. The plant dries up, covered with cobwebs. From lack of moisture leaves fold. treatment activities begin with the collection of the affected branches and leaves. The bush is sprayed with a solution of soap and soda, or a special chemical agent.
• Rust. It occurs due to lack of nutrients. Shoots and leaves on the inside cover orange spots. For treatment using drugs with sulfur. Gardeners recommend to spray the bushes with a solution of ill Bordeaux mixture.
• Necrosis. Danger sign, indicating the plants affected by fungus. Necrosis appears on the bark. Some of its parts crack, overgrown hilly formations. Save the plant can be infected by cutting shoots. After that, the entire bush sprayed copper sulfate solution.
• Cancer. With the depletion of immunity and a significant drop in the bush covered with cancerous spots, bark cracks formed growths. Get rid of the cancerous lesions by trimming and thorough cleaning. Places slices treated with copper sulfate.
• Caterpillars. The larvae of various insects left on the sheets and under the bark to feed on plant sap, causing him great harm. This is manifested by twisting the sheets, the drying up of shoots. As a means to combat caterpillars use fumigation, spraying infusion of wormwood.
• Aphid. Many small insects stuck to the inside of stems and leaves. Pests feed on sap barberry, weakening his immune system. Fight aphids by using the sulfur-containing solutions and mixtures with home sharp flavor.

Examples of use in landscaping

Barberry has excellent decorativeness. Allowing its use in landscaping throughout. Low-growing varieties sure to find a place in rock gardens, rockeries flat. Shrubs well with conifers, deciduous representatives. Wide palette of colors and shades of the sheet forms a vivid contrast.

Ornamental shrub perfectly cope with the role of the background and the dominant plants. It will be beneficial to look at the site in the Japanese style. Next to the tall bushes looks like a bright edge. Beautiful leaves in autumn do not lose their attractiveness. Stony gardens with barberry become even brighter.

conclusion

A huge number of available varieties of barberry and its simplicity allows to use the bush for a variety of purposes. Fertile flowering plants require minimal care to increase yields. Decorative trim must be periodically species to form attractive crown.