embroidery art originated in ancient times. His techniques were kept and passed down from mother to daughter. Historians talk about the features and secrets of the Ivanovo strochevoy embroidery. The fishery grew rapidly in the middle of the XIX century in many regions of Russia. Openwork patterns made out clothes, tablecloths and bedspreads. In his works, masters used vegetable and geometric motifs.
plots embroideries
Ivanovo embroidery characterized by ease and sophistication. They remind frosty patterns on glass. Traditions strochevyh patterns formed over the centuries. Embroidery decorated the intricate patterns clothes, tablecloths, towels and other household items.
Vintage embroidery variety of different subjects. Ornaments reflecting elements of ancient rituals and cults. Patterns comprised of lozenges, rosettes, squares. They have the following meanings:
- Rhombus, divided into 4 squares with a dot in the center, called "Kubanets", the ancient Slavs meant sown field.
- Shrub or flower - a "tree of life" or the "world tree", which have been linked representations of the Slavs about the world.
- The main symbol of the ornament was a woman who embodies the cult of fertility, the earth goddess, the mother of all things.
- On either side of the "raw mother earth" portrayed her servants, horses. This solar satellites, which were symbols of prosperity in the economy.
- The ornaments are often attended by birds. These images have been associated with the beginning of spring, the wish of an abundant harvest and fertility of women.
In the XIX century masters began embroidering patterns with scenes from the city and court life: the riders on horses, ladies with parasols, luxury coaches and the like. Soon it became popular vegetable plots: grapes, roses, garden flowers and wild herbs. In his works, Ivanovo masters tried to come closer to reality.
technique
Pattern on embroidery is made up of individual squares, which are grouped, forming different shapes. Embroidery is performed by a grid made of cotton or linen cloth by pulling the appropriate yarns. This process is done manually and is called "Derzhko".
Patterns are usually carried out with white thread on white canvas. This gives them a special elegance and grace. The horizontal and vertical bars twine thread and fill patterns. There are various methods of filling cells. They are most often the following:
- "Tight flooring";
- "darn";
- "Mat" and others.
This creates an elegant textured pattern. There are two kinds of embroidery Ivanovo:
- of fine mesh - an old peasant;
- on a large grid - lace.
Very often on the white line of the carry color stroke, which makes the product even more ornate.
The first plant manufacturing embroidery was founded in the village of Upper Landekh merchant Nikolai Nikolaevich Eliseev. Embroidery very popular, products sold the best masters in Moscow and St. Petersburg stores.
after the revolution organized cooperative embroiderers. In 30-ies of XX century began to flourish fishing masters products became famous abroad. Later opened factories where manual labor was replaced by machines. But today, many embroiderers prefer to work manually. Their works are valued especially highly.
The tradition of the old masters are retained and continue to develop. Ivanovo openwork stitching is very popular among lovers of beauty.
