Country houses - both summer cottages and for permanent residence - do not have central heating, they have individual heating. This is either an electric fireplace for summer residents who came for one day, or a small metal stove-stove, next to which you can stay warm for a couple of evenings, or a solid Russian brick stove that heats people living in a country house all year round. If "temporary workers" can heat their stove with any burning garbage, then permanent residents need to think about fuel reserves for the whole year, especially for the winter. And this is a significant item of expenditure in the budget. And the question of choosing an economical fuel for them is far from rhetorical. Coal dust briquettes are discussed as one of the options.
Read in the article
- 1 Organization of fuel combustion
- 2 Fuel for the furnace
- 3 Conclusion
Organization of fuel combustion
Optimizing the combination of furnace and fuel is an eternal problem for heating engineers. Even the fire of an ancient man, in which pieces of wood burned, was a prototype of a firebox and fuel. Hundreds, even thousands of years of human development have brought this combination to its modern form. The firebox is a structurally fenced space into which fuel, air can be supplied at the required speed and combustion products can be removed, i.e. smoke. The firebox can be made of stone, brick or metal. Air enters through the entrance to the firebox, and in industrial furnaces it is supplied through special air ducts from the fan. Strictly speaking, there must be a certain amount of air for a specific amount of fuel. If there is less air than is required according to the calculation, then not all of the fuel will burn, and the unburned will be removed from the furnace with ash. If there is more air than is needed, then the excess air will carry away heat from the oven. Both situations are not beneficial to the owner, he will pay for fuel that is useless for him. The amount of air supplied to the firebox in a household stove is regulated by the degree of opening of the entrance door to the firebox and the position of the blower door, as well as by the draft force in the smoke duct. For this, a valve in the chimney serves. If the valve is opened wide, the pipe will draw all the heat out of the firebox and out of the room. If you close it ahead of time, then carbon monoxide will go into the room from the firebox, people can get poisoned. It is necessary to heat the stove skillfully, this occupation is akin to art.
The smoke is removed from the combustion zone either only by natural draft created by a high chimney, or by an exhaust fan (smoke exhauster). In domestic stoves, there is only a natural supply of air for fuel combustion, smoke is removed only by natural draft through the chimney.
Fuel for the furnace
The amount of heat generated by the stove depends on the type of fuel and its preparation for efficient combustion. Different types of fuel have the most important characteristic - their calorific value, i.e. the amount of heat in kilocalories released during the combustion of a unit of the amount of fuel, another term is calorie content.
Comparative table of calorific value of some fuels
| Type of fuel | Unit rev. | Specific heat of combustion | Equivalent | ||||
| kcal | kw | Mj | Natural gas, m3 | Dis. fuel, l | Fuel oil, l | ||
| Electricity | 1 kWh | 864 | 1,0 | 3,62 | 0,108 | 0,084 | 0,089 |
| Diesel fuel (diesel fuel) | 1 l | 10300 | 11,9 | 43,12 | 1,288 | — | 1,062 |
| Fuel oil | 1 l | 9700 | 11,2 | 40,61 | 1,213 | 0,942 | — |
| Kerosene | 1 l | 10400 | 12,0 | 43,50 | 1,300 | 1,010 | 1,072 |
| Oil | 1 l | 10500 | 12,2 | 44,00 | 1,313 | 1,019 | 1,082 |
| Petrol | 1 l | 10500 | 12,2 | 44,00 | 1,313 | 1,019 | 1,082 |
| Natural gas | 1m 3 | 8000 | 9,3 | 33,50 | — | 0,777 | 0,825 |
| Liquefied gas | 1 kg | 10800 | 12,5 | 45,20 | 1,350 | 1,049 | 1,113 |
| Hydrogen | 1m 3 | 28700 | 33,2 | 120,00 | 3,588 | 2,786 | 2,959 |
| Hard coal | 1 kg | 6450 | 7,5 | 27,00 | 0,806 | 0,626 | 0,665 |
| Brown coal | 1 kg | 3100 | 3,6 | 12,98 | 0,388 | 0,301 | 0,320 |
| Coal anthracite | 1 kg | 6700 | 7,8 | 28,05 | 0,838 | 0,650 | 0,691 |
| Charcoal | 1 kg | 6510 | 7,5 | 27,26 | 0,814 | 0,632 | 0,671 |
| Peat | 1 kg | 2900 | 3,6 | 12,10 | 0,363 | 0,282 | 0,299 |
| Wood pellet | 1 kg | 4100 | 4,7 | 17,17 | 0,513 | 0,398 | 0,423 |
| Wood chips | 1 kg | 2610 | 3,0 | 10,93 | 0,326 | 0,253 | 0,269 |
| Dried wood | 1 kg | 3400 | 3,9 | 14,24 | 0,425 | 0,330 | 0,351 |
The table shows that it is more profitable to heat with coal than with wood. But burning coal is more difficult to organize. Coal for household purposes is sold in finely divided form, or even in the form of dust. In the firebox, it lies in a dense heap. Air access to coal particles is extremely difficult. Therefore, dusty coal does not burn well, and it emits less heat than it could with normal lumpiness.
Various combustible wastes of agricultural production and woodworking industry are pressed and in the form of cylinders, similar to logs, burn perfectly in the furnace of the furnace. They are called pellets.
The firewood thrown in bulk into the firebox is in good contact with the air with a large surface, therefore it burns well. Pellets and coal briquettes in the furnace of the stove are dumped almost the same as firewood, there is enough air for their combustion, and their calorific value is higher than that of firewood. Therefore, they give more heat.
Coal briquettes are a product of coal dust pressing, but, unlike dust, they burn well in a furnace. And all because due to their shape, which resembles logs, they are blown with air, that is, oxygen.
Conclusion
Burning stoves with coal briquettes is a good way to save money on fuel. Briquettes have the calorific value of coal, but the convenience of use is like firewood. In addition, there is less soot in the chimney.
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