The camera with a long focal length: advantages, characteristics

Digital camera with long focal length - the device is able to take photography of distant objects as close without loss of image quality. It does not depend to a greater extent on the camera model - the main element of the lens.

Characteristics

The main components of a digital camera, on which depends the quality of shooting - a matrix and lens.

Matrix - a plate with a set of light-sensitive sensors, which convert the light flux received from the lens in the digital image.

Matrices are:

• Full-frame - a standard size corresponds to the size of the film frame (36h24mm).
• With a crop factor - a linear reduction in size.

Lens - catching lens system is formed and transmitted to the matrix image of the scene.

A focal length (FR) in digital cameras called finite optical gap of the objective lens to the point of convergence of the light beam collected obektivom. With an increase in the FF and increases the scale of the scene projected on the array and vice versa - with a lower FF smaller scale.

Simply put, a device with a long focal length approximates to shoot the scene and enlarges it.

Based on the risk factors, is divided into three types of lenses:

1. The normal (standard) - creates an image similar to the perception of images by human eye, i.e., through it you can see how the human eye perceives the environment. The angular field radius of 40-60 degrees.
2. Long-focus (telephoto) a focal length that is greater than the diagonal of the frame. Used for remote shooting and shooting, with a focus on the subject.
3. Short focus (wide angle) are important in cases where it is necessary to capture the shot background, showing the relationship between vision and plans.

Consider where and how these lenses are used. First, i.e. standard used in the genre shooting. To do this, set up at DF 35-70 mm. Used in telephoto shooting and remote for portraits. But is adjusted to 70-135 mm. The third kind is needed for landscape photographs.

The table shows the angles DF and images corresponding to full-frame camera expired.

Focal length	angle image
20 mm	950
24 mm	840
28 mm	750
35 mm	630
50 mm	470
85 mm	290
105 mm	230
135 mm	180
200 mm	120
300 mm	80

Luggage considered telephoto, if the focal distance of 50 mm and above.

For models with matrices of smaller formula applies:

From the above it becomes clear that the focal distance depends on the lens. There interchangeable lenses of different lengths for different types of shooting, but became particularly popular varifocal lenses with variable DF - Zuma (zoom lenses). They are also used in small-format digital cameras with non-replaceable lenses.

The lens Specified 30h90 hence zoom = 3.

Zoom is of two kinds:

1. Digital - stretches the image, degrading the quality,
2. Optical - enlarges the image by changing the RF.

Advantages and disadvantages camera with a long focal length

Cameras with a large focal distance has advantages and disadvantages that are not difficult to identify the operation.

Advantages:

• It allows you to make objects located at a considerable distance.
• Indispensable for shooting wildlife, sports competitions, concerts.
• Due to the narrowing of the space and the blurring of the background make portrait shooting expressive and noble.
• Zoom (for cameras with zoom).

Disadvantages:

• It is necessary to firmly fix the camera or set the shutter speed to prevent blurring photo due to hand-shake.
• Cameras with zoom give lower quality images when compared with lenses with fixed FR.
• Fuzzy background. By increasing the focal length decreases the depth of field
• DF lenses of 85mm and above require space and are not suitable for filming in small spaces.
• Not suitable for general scenes and group photos.

How to choose

First determine the type of camera.

They are:

• Mirror: a matrix of any size, the viewfinder mirror interchangeable lenses. It is used by professional photographers (depending on model).
• Mirrorless: a matrix of any size, without viewfinder mirror interchangeable lenses. A common type of camera for the semi.
• Compact: matrix with crop factor, non-replaceable lens ( "soap dish"). Designed for lovers.

When selecting a model should be guided by the purpose of use: genre and shooting location, specificity and area lighting.

Pay attention to the following parameters:

• Changing optics. Can you change the lens or it is incorporated into the camera.
• Matrix size. Full-frame or with a crop factor. The larger the matrix - the better.
• Viewfinder Type - screens, electronic, mirror, telescopic.
• Focal length for landscapes - short focus for portraits and distant subjects - long.
• Aperture (f-number). The smaller the f-number, the more light that passes through the lens itself, and this affects the volume and clarity.
• Zoom. Preferred optical zoom to high magnification.
• Screen. A large high-resolution screen clearly displays the scene.

When buying expensive models, they set the screen backlight, but it is worth remembering that because of this energy consumption more. Just moving displays are present on some models.

In modern devices, there are many modes, which are divided into the plot (Nature, Portrait, Sports, etc.) and creative (Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority and Manual mode). At that time, as a story created for beginners in this business, professionals use the creative modes.

The camera is set to the factory the memory card, but lovers of photography it is not enough. Therefore, developers should consider the installation of removable memory cards, which are selected under the requirements.

Low-end models are energy in the form of two batteries. At first glance, this is good, because you can take a couple of replacement, but this method expensive, because have to buy a lot of batteries and change them frequently.

The second type - rechargeable batteries. They are much easier to use, thanks to the charge, which is enough for 3-6 hours.

Exploitation

Remember that proper maintenance can help extend the life of any device. You only need to follow the instructions and handle carefully.

• The camera is stored in ill cover, being part of the device. It protects from dust, dirt and mechanical damage.
• During operation must be securely fix the camera in your hands, put on a shoulder strap, protected from dust inside the case.
• It is not recommended to store the device in humid locations, as moisture causing corrosion of parts, ensuring normal operation of the equipment.
• Do not use during bad weather if the drops fall on the body - wipe.
• Sudden temperature fluctuations affect the devices. Entering into a warm room to freezing preview not use the technique until it warmed to room temperature.
• If the camera has fallen into water, immediately remove the battery, dry and contact the nearest service center.
• When using the camera does not touch the lens and glasses.
• Insert the memory card to be careful not to break or pognuv "mustache".
• For food use only the appropriate battery from the manufacturer. If powered by batteries, it is worth buying only quality.
• Do not use the Quick Charge (fast charge).

  This arrangement charges the non-standard current, which reduces battery life.

• The camera does not lie idle, it is necessary to use at least 1 time in 1-2 weeks. The capacitors must be charged, the lubricant in the gate and the lens does not have to force or parts need to work.
• The lenses and the glass was purified by special brushes, cloths and cleaning fluid for this purpose.
• To protect the lens from sand and dust and excessive cleansing using protective filters, which are easier to replace.
• To clean the case also recommended separate brush.
• The matrix also needs to be cleaned. For this purpose the device disassembled and blow away any dust blower for photography.
• To prevent dust from getting into the camera, we recommend using a special antistatic.
• To clean the camera and optics use only proven means of reputable manufacturers.

malfunctions

Wetting the inside of the body - this is a common failure, which is difficult to detect in a timely manner, but only in the process of using the device. One of the fault signal, the lack of response keys. In this case, the camera must be removed from the power supply and to prepare a dry cloth, a screwdriver and tweezers.

Untwisted body, carefully consider the details, if they found deposits of white or moisture droplets, fix the tissue in the forceps and gently wipe her problem areas.

ingress of sand - Another part of the problem, occurring in summer. Danger grains entering into the lens design. To eliminate the need to sand a special fluid for its fixation and removal.

Overheat. With prolonged use, the device overheats and melts some of the details and contacts. In this case, the damaged parts can be replaced by yourself or contact the service center.

damage display - widespread failure among the holders of the screen without special protective glasses. When such obvious signs of breakage: display cracks outflow of liquid crystals, there is no image on the screen (Partial or total), should urgently contact a qualified service center for repair cameras.

damage to the camera lens. The lens is sensitive to contamination. More often it is seen due to poor focus, and sometimes stops responding to inclusion. The defect may be defective parts, such as gears fragile.

Even if the gear in order, dust and grit will block them. If this is not detected is recommended to correct the problem yourself and contact the service center for professionals with special equipment.

Faulty flash. The fault is easy to determine, having considered the resulting image. If they are too bright or dark, the flash unit to malfunction. In such a case, disassemble and clean the camera if it does not work, install a new flash.

Non-working software It is shown hanging chamber frequent incorrect operation or disconnection. If the cause is found, contact the service center for flashing.