Racing quadrocopter: how to choose the types and characteristics

Quadrocopter - it multiengined helicopter equipped with multiple rotors rotating on diagonally in a constant pitch, two of which are rotating against the direction of travel 2 hour arrow.

Device

multicopter control algorithm based on the change in rotation speed of the screws:

• heavy duty 4 screws - take-off and climb;
• acceleration of the two side screws with one hand and deceleration with the opposite - moving in the direction;
• slowing rotation of the propellers working counter-clockwise and clockwise acceleration - movement with a turn.

For receiving and transmitting operation control commands and engine equipment, the machine is equipped with a microprocessor.

For stabilization during flight and hover it is equipped with three gyroscopes that stabilize the movement in the horizontal position. Additionally, an accelerometer is installed, transmitting data to the processor for horizontal stabilization, and the onboard flight altitude sensor.

Some models are equipped with sonar, designed for automatic landing, maintaining flight mode at low altitude and change the direction of movement in order to prevent a collision with obstacles.

For proper orientation on the ground is installed GPS-receiver with pre-recorded route that will take you back to the starting point on loss of signal between the operator and multicopter.

How to choose a racing quadrocopter

Models are equipped with high-speed brushless motor, running from the power supply lithium-polymer batteries. The main quantity of apparatus has a mass of 4.1 kg, and the residence time in the flight condition of 10-30 min.

More quadrocopter of the camera, read this article.

Flight distance is restricted line of sight and the distance is at work in the operator mode 100 - 200 m. A variety of models allows you to select quadrocopter with the desired characteristics in the proposed price on the market range.

Produced multicopter have different characteristics due to power and cladding material.

On electric devices are installed:

1. collector - which are used for the acquisition of mini models. They are light weight, low cost. Disadvantages include - insufficient thrust and rapid temperature increase during engine operation.
2. Collector with gear - mounted on multicopter a class above, but not expensive model. Positive characteristics - moderate cost and weight, good traction. Disadvantages - overheating during operation, increased wear of the gears.
3. brushless - are used in expensive models, have an excellent traction performance and high efficiency, durable in operation. Disadvantages - a lot of weight and cost.

The best indicator of the operation have brushless motors ensure speed and range.

Particular attention is paid to the propeller group, which is able to achieve the required values ​​of engine thrust in grams, which makes it possible to calculate the takeoff weight and a lot of useful equipment.

standard and reverse rotation of the screws are made of carbon fiber, which provides sufficient strength and long life.

To control mulitikopterom carefully selected controller that performs the functions of managing work units with the ability to connect the GPS-receiver.

When creating and designing multicopter focuses on the material from which the body is made.

In choosing the material, it takes into account a number of factors:

• in the apparatus-equipped gear after falling from a height of flight, gearbox breaks down and needs to be replaced;
• small screws in the fall subject to less damage;
• device having small dimensions and weight, better preserved during the fall.

materials used to manufacture the housing multicopter:

1. Extruded foam (EPO) - low weight, repairability, but poor toughness.
2. Plastic - low weight, satisfactory strength.
3. Carbon - lightweight, strong enough, the high price.
4. Aluminum - durable, heavy weight.

Widespread multicopter modular design, which allows in case of failure of the details, make it replaced by a similar, using a common tool.

Types and characteristics of racing quadrocopter

Some models quadrocopter capable of speeds up to 110 km / h - are used as racing model. But the basic number of devices provides a high-speed mode of movement in the range of 20-70 km / h.

To improve the management of the device, it is desirable that all models were equipped with sensor battery charging. All produced copter have a flight range of at least 20 m.

To stabilize the apparatus in the air system 2 used:

1. Shestiosevaya - provides a horizontal orientation apparatus.
2. Three-axis - has a low price, but stabilization of disturbed and model falls after disorientation.

Loss of signal between quadrocopter and the operator, depending on the equipment, equipment management and control system, there are several options response system:

1. Continue on the path and the direction of the data obtained during the last communication session. In this situation, the model is able to fly away from the operator with sufficient energy resource.
2. It falls to the ground.
3. Model based on previously entered route is returned to the starting point.

To stabilize the operation of the controller is used anti-vibration pad which allows to reduce the negative impact on the Electronic quadrocopter control components.

FPV (First Person View) - it mulkopterom control system with a video camera when the video signal is received and displayed on a monitor or special glasses FPV-operator.

Management with FPV allows you to:

• increase the level of system control;
• increase the range flights;
• receiving operational information transmitted by the video camera.

FPV used composed of units:

• video receiver (VRX);
• a video transmitter (VTX);
• display;
• transmitting camcorder.

The camera transmits a signal via transceiver hardware. He is projected on a monitor or FPV-glasses. The system may further be equipped with GPS-receiver and the transmitters. Cameras have a resolution using the SECAM standard in the range of 600-1200 TVL, a PAL / NTSC -up 700 TVL and equipped with CCD arrays and CMOS.

Wherein the CCD is more sensitive, band width and interference resistance. When the transmission analog camera signal provides a lower latency when compared to the HD cameras.

Used for video transmitters and receivers operating in the frequency range:

• 900 MHz;
• 1200MHz;
• 1300 MHz;
• 2400 MHz;
• 5800 MHz.

The most commonly used - 2.4 and 5.8 GHz.

Video transmitters installed on multicopter, have a capacity of 25 - 1000 mW.

For signal transmission antennas are used:

• Omnidirectional Whip;
• clover with circular polarization and low gain;
• spiral direction having a large radius of action;

Equipped with RP-SMA connector and SMA. For video and control copter flight used monitors and FPV-glasses.

For monitors are requirements:

• possibility of adjusting the brightness and the backlight;
• screen size is not less than 7 dm;
• for connecting a cable connector is needed AV input;
• monitor must be designed to operate from 3S 2 or S. batteries

When displaying video OSD-option can be activated which allows you to display on the screen information:

• GPS coordinates;
• battery charge;
• altitude;
• speed.

FPV units are designed to operate from a power supply voltage of 12 V. To suppress the noise arising from the operation of the monitor is used LS filter.

To facilitate the search for fallen model with an alarm that triggers when submitting a search from the control pulse. For flights in the evening and night time multicopter equipped with warning lights for tracking the route and the location of the device.

Exploitation

Quadrocopter equipped with four electric motors, when a fault occurs can not make a smooth landing, so a number of rules must be followed:

1. A ban on flights over crowded.
2. A ban on flights over highways.
3. When planning a flight route quadrocopter should provide areas for planting.
4. When you configure the controller should follow the recommended units adjust the device settings.

To choose a learning management quadrocopter for beginners.

Operation similar multicopter safe and help to master the control algorithm that is associated with the operations of:

• takeoff and landing;
• hovering in one spot;
• climb;
• bypass obstacles on the route vehicle traffic;
• make the right decisions in emergency situations.

Among copter owners competitions in the following categories:

1. Across the Tracks - carried out on the route between the two parties with the passage gate. In the fall of multicopter disqualified, and you must go back and fly through the target again at the admission gate.
2. Race against time - organized along the route for the best result of the passage of the track.
3. Freestyle - Competition for the best performance of aerobatics. The winner is determined by the decision of the judging committee.

Operation quadrocopter popularizes sport model aircraft, and extends the use of machines in the national economy and private enterprise.