Dishwashers: types, characteristics, functions

Dishwashers - multifunctional home appliances, which is gaining popularity among consumers on par with refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, stoves, etc.

A few years ago such equipment belonged to the category of high-value goods. However, the desire to make their lives comfortable and practical has led to the fact that the dishwasher has become a faithful companion for many families.

Principle of operation

Dishwasher ensures perfect cleanliness of dishes and cooking utensils due to the fact that the temperature of heating water in the car reaches 60 degrees, which means that active detergent components more effectively cope with all types contamination.

In addition, this technique provides additional drying dishes, preventing her divorce and water spots.

Complete removal of dirt and grease from kitchen ware carried out using water jets supplied from the rocker machine at speeds up to 150-160 km / h. Dirty waste water output to the lower compartment for thorough filtration and recirculation.

Expensive models are equipped with special filters, in which cleaning is performed in the automatic mode, and the accumulated dirt is removed through the drain pump to the drain.

Automatic fence necessary volume of water is performed through the built-in pump capacity valve, which is disposed at the hose connection to the instrument housing.

Here is a standard filter - mesh, which is designed to hold large pieces of debris. The central pump feeds the water through a pipe into the rocker.

Benefits

Key benefits:

• The simplicity and efficiency of washing cookware at any time of the day;
• To use a machine not necessarily the presence of hot water;
• Washing dishes in the machine reduces water consumption by almost 5 times;
• Dishwasher not use strong detergents that have a negative impact on the human skin;
• Rinsing of dishes is performed at a high temperature, which enables to effectively remove detergent residues.

Types of dishwashers

Types and Sizes

Design features include a choice of such equipment suitable place in the kitchen or in the bathroom for the connection to the water standpipe, sewage sludge and an electrical outlet.

By way of installation

According to a method of installing the current models can be divided into two types: freestanding and built (with partial or full installation).

freestanding - have their own housing with a lid-top. These machines are available to install, maintain and cheaper in comparison with inline counterparts. In some models, the top cover is removable, so it can be replaced if necessary.

recessed - selected at the design stage of kitchen units. You can choose a model with full or partial embedding, when the upper panel is open.

Polnovstraivaemye - installed in furniture, so apparently become virtually invisible to prying eyes. The control panel also securely hidden behind decorative facade, however, is available to start the device and select the operating program.

In devices with partial embedding, The control panel is located on top of the decorative facade and provides quick access to the machine.

Dimensions: height, depth, width

Depending on the size of the following types: full-size, compact and tight.

Full-size - they are the standard size device which can be mounted on the floor or mounted in the kitchen.

compact - are intended to be mounted on a table or cabinet thanks to its small size.

If the standard height, narrow They vary in width and depth. They can be installed both in the furniture and on the floor.

The height of the full size and narrow patterns is 80 to 88 cm. Height of compact devices does not exceed 50 cm. Some models are equipped with embedded machine screw legs for height adjustment.

The width in the standard full-sized devices is 60 cm, a non-standard models of up to 80 cm, and a narrow - from 45 to 50 cm.

Full-length devices have a standard depth of 60 cm and a compact - 50 cm.

Given the size of washing machines, you can choose the most suitable option:

• Compact models up to 45 cm - place under the kitchen sink or sink;
• Full-size model of a height up to 88 cm - set next to the sink under the table top or in place of the kitchen cabinet;
• Compact devices - built into a kitchen set or mounted on a separate pedestal;
• Narrow - place under the sink or under the sink.

At the same time we should not forget about the width. For small-sized kitchen is better to choose compact or narrow models for standard rooms fit full-size stand-alone device.

Features dishwashers

The weight

The total weight of the dishwasher is determined by its design and functionality. Notably - the lower the noise during operation, the greater the weight of the art. Furthermore the weight increase, additional mechanisms, which provides a low consumption of electricity and water.

Also, the weight is directly dependent on its dimensions and ranges from 17 to 65 kg.

• The standard full-sized devices maximum load weigh from 38 to 56 kg;
• Narrow appliances average volume load weigh from 28 to 39 kg;
• Compact compact device minimum load weigh from 17 to 23 kg.

Water heater flow type

Heating the cold water in the dishwasher is performed by means of PETN. In many device models previously used spiral water heaters that are equipped with electric kettles. This heater provides rapid heating of a certain volume of water.

a new generation of dishwashers are equipped with a closed-heaters, which are located outside of the working chamber of the device. The water is heated to the desired temperature and is fed immediately into the chamber for cleaning. Instantaneous heater provides rapid heating, it simplifies the process of water filtration and saving electricity.

Noise level

Dishwasher is quite noisy appliances, along with a washing machine and a vacuum cleaner. Therefore, the choice of such a unit is recommended to give preference to models with reinforced insulation of the body.

Different manufacturers this characteristic may vary, but the average noise level in the machine is from 26 to 64 dB. Softest considered apparatus with a noise level of 45 dB.

Colors housing

Colors dishwasher body depends on the model and manufacturer. Properly selected colors will allow the perfect fit technique in the stylistic design of the room with a view of the kitchen units and other household equipment.

Consumers can be offered to the dishwasher in the colors of the case:

• Silver;
• White;
• Under the stainless steel;
• The black;
• Gray;
• Other.

The capacity of the machine

It defines the maximum number of sets of cookware and accessories, which can be downloaded and processed at a machine in a single cycle.

The standard equipment includes a set of cutlery per person - different kinds of dishes (for first and second courses, salads, bread and slicing), spoons and forks, a cup and saucer.

Dishwashers are designed for the following number of kits:

• From 3 to 8 sets;
• From 8 to 12 sets;
• From 12 to 15 sets;
• From 15 to 18 sets.

Standard full-size car can accommodate up to 12 sets, compact - up to 7 sets, non-standard - up to 18 sets.

For a family of 3 persons capacity fit devices up to 6 kits for families of 5-6 people should choose devices capacity up to 10 sets, and for larger families or for use in cafeterias - the maximum overall device capacity.

Classes: energy consumption, washing and drying

Class of electricity consumption - Technical specifications, which determines the degree of efficiency with regard to electricity consumption. Class washing and drying - the respective parameters defining the quality of the operations - washing and drying dishes. The above figures, the device economical.

Class of energy consumption

According to the European classification There are 7 classes of energy consumption, each of which corresponds to a specific drive letter from A to G. High grade corresponds to a small flow of electricity.

Devices that belong to the classes A, B and C are economical, D and E - moderate cost, F and G - most power-consuming.

Modern models of machines are classified as A, A +++, B and C. Class A is assigned +++ instrument having the lowest power level. Devices marked + in saving up to 10% of energy, and from ++ to save 35%.

washing class

Such index identifies the quality of washing and rinsing dishes in one working cycle. In most models, there are three basic dishwashing modes - light, standard and enhanced. In some models, there are up to 18-20 additional modes for different types of dishes.

The technique can have two classes washing - A (complete removal of impurities) and B (minor residual contaminants). Older model cars belong to classes C and E, which are not of high quality washing.

drying performance

Determines the quality of the drying of dishes. There are 3 class drying - A, B and C. For Class A devices provided ideal drying crockery without stains and stains for classes B and C - tolerance of minor water droplets or spots.

drying methods

The machines are three basic ways of drying provided by: condensation, forced and heat exchange.

• drying heat exchanger - provides handling utensils with the heat exchange that occurs during retraction of water and steam supply.
• condensation drying - available in low-end models. It provides for evaporation of excess moisture by condensation and removing it through a drain hole.
• intensive drying - implemented in expensive models. It allows you to accelerate the drying of dishes by injecting warm air built-in fan.

Power consumption (maximum)

Power depends on the power consumption, so the devices A class, it will be lower than that of the C-Class cars.

So, in relation to the classiness power consumption is as follows:

• A class - capacity from 0.8 to 1.04 kWh per cycle;
• The class - the power from 1.05 to 1.1 kWh per cycle;
• Class C - capacity of from 1.1 to 1.5 kWh.

The maximum power rating up to 3.3 kW, but for most models with low power consumption does not exceed 2 kW.

Energy consumption per cycle

Another measure of determining the technical capabilities of the device - this electricity consumption during the operating cycle of the washing. Depending on the class of washing and consumption class dishwasher can consume from 250 W to 2.1 kW per hour per cycle. In economic models, this figure is minimal.

Lighting internal chamber

Inside the working chamber mounted lighting elements, which are included in the opening of the chamber. Lighting makes it easy to load and laying open dishes. Lighting is realized in expensive models of devices.

The system of protection against leaks

All models of cars provided a reliable system of protection against leakage.

It is presented in two forms:

• complete protection - is intended to protect the entire body. It is realized by means of sensor-float, which is installed in the tray. When the pallet is full or leak detection chamber, an automatic trip device. This leads to the cessation of intake of water, and is already filled volume of water is displayed in the drain hole.
• partial protection - designed to protect the drain hose with the installation of the inlet valve, which is triggered in the closure and cessation of the water supply if a leak is detected.

control method

In dishwashers, two control methods include: electromechanical and electronic.

Electromechanical

It provides a simple and affordable management appliances with the control key and the on / off lever, controls the selection of work programs and other options. Mechanical control elements are arranged on the front panel of the case.

Electronic

The electronic method is implemented in the high-priced models. In this case, the control is a button "Start" and the operation keys to select the appropriate cleaning program.

with electronic panel device will automatically determine the appropriate cleaning parameters, given the number of sets of kitchen utensils and degree of soiling.

Additionally, such devices provide display for digital or text data. They show the wash temperature, water hardness, the time until the end of the work program, service information.

The display (screen)

A display device equipped with an electronic control panel. It is designed to output operating modes, settings, and data service functions. In active mode, the display shows the installed program and its duration, timer, fault information.

Expensive models are equipped with an LCD display, with the ability to display text information. Large size of the display provides a convenient operation.

water consumption

Using the dishwasher provides a significant reduction in water consumption compared to the traditional manual dishwashing.

There are three main classes of water consumption per cycle:

• Class A - consumed 16 liters of water;
• Class B - 16 to 21 liters of water;
• Class C - consumed 21 to 26 liters of water.

It is noteworthy that at the highest class of water consumption (C), the device uses 2-3 times less resources than manual cleaning. This means that the regular use of dishwashing unit saves up to 8000 liters of water annually.

The duration of the washing in the standard mode

It is a standard program for daily washing and rinsing dishes mild to moderate contamination at temperatures up to 60 degrees. The duration of such a program is from half an hour to 5 hours.

Washing temperature regimes

The dishwasher is provided from 1 to 10, temperature conditions in view of the particular model and an optional set. Operating temperature in the washing machine is from 28 to 73 degrees. Every single program is executed according to the set for her temperature conditions.

water heating flow temperature (maximum value)

Modern washing machines can be connected to hot and cold water. In the first case the working chamber is carried out hot water, the temperature of which should correspond to the set level.

In the second case the machine independently heats cold water heater and delivers the working chamber. The maximum allowable temperature of heating water when applying reaches 70 degrees.

Shopping for placing cutlery

It is set in the upper part of the chamber and is designed to accommodate the forks, spoons, knives, and small kitchen appliances.

Shopping for placing dishes with the possibility of height adjustment

Cart 2 is located in the upper operating position with the size utensils and accessories. It is equipped with additional holders for plates, saucers and cups.

Holder for fragile cups and glasses

Functional accessory is a special attachment, which is installed in the processing chamber.

The holder provides effective rinsing and drying the cups and glasses. The full-size devices at the same time can be arranged 3-4 holder wash 16 cups and glasses. Narrow and compact devices allow to hold up to 2 holders.

Qualitative holders are made of wear-resistant and safe food-grade polymer which is resistant to corrosive household chemicals and high temperature conditions.

Functions dishwashers

washing programs

In dishwashers to choose the appropriate program shall be based on contamination of utensils. Devices are loaded only after complete removal of food residue.

Basic cleaning program - standard, fast, intense and delicate. They are designed for washing dishes with mild, moderate and severe pollution.

fast

Express program is designed for the rapid purification of the dish with a small degree of contamination and when food residues have not been dried. Duty cycle lasts an hour at a temperature of 35-38 degrees.

intensive

Intensive mode is used for heavily soiled or food residues, which had to dry. Also used to clean the frying pans, saucepans and other dimensional articles.

Washing is performed for 45-60 minutes at temperature up to 70 degrees. Before selecting the mode of intensive washing, in addition, you can activate the soaking, which will accelerate the process of removing contaminants.

delicate

This mode is intended for the treatment of fragile and sensitive material (porcelain, crystal glass) to sterilize baby supplies - jars and bottles. Gentle cleaning is carried out at temperature 40-45 degrees.

standard

It is used for daily washing medium and heavy soil. It is performed at temperatures up to 66 degrees. In some models, provided the water temperature to rise to 73 degrees at the completion of the washing process.

Operating modes and washing their number

Instruments are classified according to the type of washing modes and a set of useful features. Current models provide 4 (minimum set) to 15 (standard and extended set) operating modes.

In the low-end models have a minimum set of work programs, in the devices of medium and high price segment - standard and advanced.

Auto

It provides for selection of the appropriate washing program automatically. It's enough to indicate the type of crockery and degree of contamination. In some models there are special sensors to automatically determine the extent of contamination without user intervention.

Economical

This regime provides for washing dishes with mild to moderate contamination without food residues. The washing process is performed at a temperature of sparingly water heated to 55 degrees.

BIO

Regime involving the use of natural ingredients of biological origin - enzymes that are part of the ecological household chemicals dish. They are able to quickly and effectively dissolve grease and other types of deposits. Organic mode is carried out at a temperature of heating water to 40 degrees.

BIO economical

similar to the previous mode, clears weak natural contaminants using household chemicals at a water temperature of 40 degrees.

soaking and rinsing mode

This option allows the soaking or rinsing in water, heated to the desired temperature without using household chemicals. Use the rinse mode is possible at any time prior to the main wash.

3 Mode 1

Efficient operating mode, which provides for the simultaneous use of three components for cleaning - household chemicals, rinse aid and salt for water softening.

It is worth noting that the use of salt and rinse aid is an important condition for the implementation of a quality wash. Otherwise it leads to clogged nozzles for the water supply, which is fraught with the rapid breakdown of the machine.

It is recommended to use the tools offered by the manufacturer specific device model. On sale there are special pills 3 in 1, which combine the chemical components of all of the above means. Such tablets are convenient to use but have high value.

half load

Useful washing mode, which allows you to upload only one of the available baskets for placing dishes. This provides savings in household chemicals, water and electricity.

This regime provides for models floor accommodation with a capacity of 10-15 sets. Due to half load, the user can use the upper or lower basket, load only half of the sets.
For devices that do not feature such a regime, you can use economical washing program.

The function of the variable wash

It can significantly reduce the consumption of water, increasing the quality of washing. When activated in the car at the same time carried out two working process - soaking dishes in one basket, and an active wash in the other.

Audible indicator shutdown

Submission of audible warning after the end of the work program. This is true for polnovstraivaemyh devices that are not equipped with an additional indicator of the floor beam.

Also, such a feature is implemented in expensive devices with low noise and low end of the operating cycle. If necessary, the audio signal can be turned off in the settings.

Timer and the delayed start of the program (minimum and maximum)

Washing may begin at any time set by the user. The minimum start time is 60 to 180 minutes including functionality model. The maximum time that can delay the starting of the washing program is from 2 to 24 hours.

To adjust the delay start time in the dishwasher a built-in timer.

Water transparency sensor

It is intended to determine the degree of water purity. The machine activates the sensor for determining the type of water in accordance with the installed program and the number of place settings.

By means of the sensor device diagnoses the presence of dirt and detergent residues and to rinse utensils required number of cycles until the water runs clear. This guarantees the high quality of the washing procedure.

Indicators: availability means for rinsing and the water softener salt

During the dishwashing appliance capable of detecting the presence of rinse aid and salt for reducing water hardness on the basis of indicators.

When rapid fluid flow rate for rinsing, the device delivers a signal by means of a light indicator.

salt indicator performs a similar function for the special salt used to reduce hardness of the tap water.

LED outdoor projection beam

In the art dishwasher operating state special indicator is provided, which projects at the floor covering red beam. It signals that the device is powered on and runs the program, on completion of which the beam becomes green.

The indicator can be of two types: beam-light and light projection time.

Beam indicator provided in polnovstraivaemyh models of devices that feature low noise levels. Silent operation does not allow the user to determine the time of a timely completion of the washing program.

The indicator provides the necessary control: during the whole period of operation is performed on the floor projection of the color beam, which goes off when the program ends.

Time Projection (Timelight) also allows you to project the data on the program and the time of its completion in the floor covering.

Adjusting the water hardness in the automatic mode,

It provides automatic detection of the degree of water hardness, to select the optimum flow softening salt. Similar function are equipped with expensive models.

In embodiments cost option is implemented manually, when the choice of salt consumption test carried set that was included with the device.

child safety function

She locks the door in the process chamber or the controls on the front panel, so that children did not have access to the device.

If the washing machine, after activation start, perform a full lock of the door, the dishwasher devices, this rarely happens. In this case, open the door interrupts the execution of the installed program until its closure.

For those devices that are not available in safety functions that can be purchased in addition to special blockers and door controls.

When choosing a dishwasher technology important to consider the features and the layout of the room where it is installed. Such a device should be equipped with a reliable protection against surges and leaks.

To the purchase of equipment has served more than a year, you should observe the rules of operation and care for her. The machine must not be washed brass, pewter, wood and copper utensils. The device can not be loaded household items - towels, towels, sponges and plastic products.

Mounting is carried out in accordance with established rules and the manufacturer's recommendations, at a distance of no more than 1.6 meters from the sewage sludge.

When purchasing budget or luxury models should pay close attention to the reliability and quality of the brand, the number of work programs, ease of use and the degree of security.