Types of foundations for private homes: the criteria for the correct choice

Reliability of any building depends on the quality of the base. In this review, we will discuss traditional and new types of foundations for a private home. This information will help you select the optimum design to suit individual requirements. Step by step instructions to perform useful work with his own hands.

Purpose of the foundation for a private home, the definition of the basic criteria

This part of the design is to ensure the stability of the entire structure over a long service life. It is most often used with the installation of recessed, so clear the increased complexity of the repair operations. Not difficult to immediately identify the two main criteria: reliability and durability.

The following facts will help clarify the project of the foundation requirements for the house:

1. When selecting suitable specifications should take into account the geological characteristics of the ground area, the groundwater level, freezing in winter.
2. It is necessary to prevent the penetration of moisture from the soil into the walls, floor overlap.
3. It is necessary to consider the functioning of ventilation and other systems, the input of utilities, installation door and window openings, technological equipment.
4. For a correct comparison of the cost of the material is checked by the purchase, transport and assembly operations.

Important! Even in relatively simple situations requires a precise calculation. It will help ensure an adequate level of safety in the operation.

Types of foundations for building applications - analysis of the advantages and disadvantages

ribbon

Quite often used monolithic strip foundation. It is created at the construction site. As is clear from the diagram, there is no need to carefully align the surface. Given the nature of the project allowed the introduction of individual edits. Reinforcement It allows you to increase the strength. It must be remembered about the temperature limits during concrete pouring. Will have to wait until the mixture hardens. These features are somewhat prolong the erection of the structure.

Note! Application rubble concrete mixture will save. It added gravel, boulders, and other cheap components.

Accelerate the work can, if we apply the brick, concrete blocks or standard. In the latter case the weight of the individual elements is too large to use manual labor. It becomes necessary to hire the crane, which increases costs.

The figure marked typical components of the belt structure. Before pouring the mixture (3) in the trench podsypku made of sand (4). The number "9" denotes the recommended level of soil freezing. Relevant data can be taken at a local architectural office. Concrete blind area (8) is made obliquely from the building will prevent the water accumulation. Between the foundation and brick wall (1) set layer waterproofing 1-2 sheets of roofing material. In the basement the ground (5) is compacted, covered with sand floor (6) and the wall (7). The last element is essential for warming.

Foundations on stilts for private homes

The simplest situation is shown in Fig. "but". The pile is rammed up to the level of durable soil that allows to keep the stability of the structure as a whole. The upper part of the supports connected by a special element, grillage. Examples of the "b" and "c" show the mounting features in quicksand, loam, sand, and other soft ground.

This equipment generates noise and strong vibrations. Rent is expensive. Can be used instead indentation using specialized equipment. Also suitable ramming technology. It consists of several stages. First, create a drill hole. Further, a reinforcement and pour concrete mix.

Timber used for building light frame and wooden structures. Other options for the construction of a private house foundation made of bricks, foam blocks.

An additional advantage pile-foundation rostverkovogo It is the ability to perform high-quality installation on a small area, with a minimum of excavation. However, for fairness should be aware of the increased total cost of the reproduction of individual technologies in this category.

Related article:

The foundation on screw piles with their hands. This technology is used to accelerate the construction is not too heavy buildings and other architectural structures. In this article you will find a step by step construction of structures and useful advice from professionals.

Columnar

Not flush design is used in the construction of saunas, gazebos, garages. They are set on rammed pillow their sand. For heavier constructions are used instead of the standard stone blocks, concrete reinforced with hardening. Light creates support from wood.

In submerged embodiment used steel pipe with and without excipients. This solution is suitable for rapid installation of fences, greenhouses. Intended to limit the loads during operation.

Slab foundation for private homes

Properly designed monolithic foundation with reinforcement without damage to withstand considerable loads. It can be installed in areas with high groundwater levels. This solution is used to eliminate the negative impact of heave forces in the winter. It is suitable for building on sand and other weak supports.

A major shortcoming of the foundation slab for a detached house is the high cost. As is the case with other structures of reinforced concrete, in the selection of this option it is necessary to accurately plan the best time of the work. When the air temperature is lowered below zero compensation special additives are used. Necessarily have to endure the standard period of readiness considering thickness, grade of concrete and other parameters. In large slabs create expansion joints, which prevent the appearance of cracks.

How to choose a certain type of foundation for a private house?

For a correct determination is not enough to know which are the foundations. It is necessary to combine the information set out above with the characterizing parameters of its own project:

1. Exact calculation includes the total load. It includes the weight of building structures, finishing materials, Equipment, furniture, technological equipment.
2. Specify the relief portion is added to the plan if necessary earthworks.
3. Check the geological structure, freezing levels and ground water, the presence of underground gas and other utilities.
4. In the presence / absence of the basement make appropriate adjustments to the design documentation. Focuses on heat and waterproofing.
5. Separately study features of the basic building materials that are expected to apply when building the foundation for a private home.
6. Set a reasonable time before overhaul.

Analysis of the soil and water conditions on the site

The test can be done independently. For this digging pits in the territory portion in the required amount in depth in accordance with the parameters of the future foundations. Particular attention is given to areas with high groundwater. Relevant portions is initially determined by indirect signs (specific plants accumulations dew and fog).

Note! During the test, you need to identify the reasons for the formation of dips on the surface, cracks in the sidewalks and road tolls. These defects indicate the heterogeneity of the soil.

Calculate the required laying depth and other parameters of the foundation structure

To calculate this parameter defines the characteristics necessary to check the foundation design for a private house, groundwater levels and freezing geological section. For each of these points make a separate calculation. The draft leaves the greatest depth.

To simplify the solution of the problem are the specialized calculator program. Accurate results can be obtained if we make the appropriate order in the profile design office. As an example, the basic steps of a typical algorithm to calculate the depth of the belt type foundation under wooden private house.

Calculate regulatory depth (H) of formula:

Ng = Pc × Twhere

• PC - Soil ratio (sand value is 0.3);
• Tn - temperature parameter, which is equal to the square root of negative average temperatures for the year (for the suburbs - 4.77).

For example, for the Moscow region: Ng = 0,3 × 4,77 = 1,43 m.

The resulting value is multiplied by a different coefficient table which is calculated taking into account the conditions inside of rooms and architectural features. While maintaining the temperature of + 20 ° C in a room that is adjacent to the outer part of the foundation, a value of 0.4. Accordingly, the freezing level is determined: Yn = 1,43 × 0,4 = 1,03 m. Recommend installing the belt structure at 0.15-0.2 m below.

In order to ensure a stable position is necessary to make the area of ​​the reference area of ​​the foundation (PF) multiplied by the load-bearing capacity (HC) of a particular soil was greater than the total weight of the structure (Sun) with equipment: Pf × Hc> Su.

Features selection and use of different materials

When creating monolithic products used two kinds of metal fittings:

• Working with a diameter of 10 to 16 mm are set so as to form a frame structure.
• Mounting (6-10 mm) are used as auxiliary volumetric structure.

For bonding using wire elements, plastic collars. Metal products with the letter "C" in the title can be joined by welding.

This fittings easier. It is not damaged by the oxidation process does not conduct electrical current. Quality products in this category are characterized by good technical parameters. The only significant drawback is the lack of long-term practical experience in the application in the construction of foundations for private homes.

Note! Solid weight of steel reinforcement does not really matter when it comes to the design theme. The electrical conductivity of the material, some experts are used for heating the building material mixture when poured into the cold season. If the metal rods are installed correctly, they will be well protected against corrosion by a layer of concrete.

If you have wooden gratings, must be prevented from being damaged by moisture, microorganisms in the foundation design for a private house. For this special impregnation used.

To harden the blades in some models such supports make in a single version with a tip using casting technology. Standard products generated using welds.

Important! All designs grade of concrete for the tape (other) private house foundation must exactly match the project.

waterproofing rules warming private house foundation

In the photo strip foundation can be considered important elements of today's multi-layer constructions. Instead of using liquid mastics rolled materials. This greatly speeds up and simplifies installation, reduces contamination of the surrounding area.

For this part of the insulation is not suitable fiber mats and filling of expanded clay. Solid plates of high-density polystyrene (35 kg or more per cubic foot. m) able to withstand the weight of soil without damage. Products in this category with scalloped edges form a hermetic and "tongue and groove" precision connections. They create an additional barrier to water, do not absorb moisture.

Note! Waterproofing and insulation not only increases the durability of the structure. This upgrade allows you to reduce the costs of heating, maintaining comfortable conditions in the cellar / basement part.

Repair and reinforcement of a private house basement

First, you need to make a thorough examination of the damaged property. It will help to determine the amount of investment, technical parameters for future work. In some situations, strengthening the foundation of a private house with his own hands is inappropriate for economic or other reasons. In any case, it is necessary to find out what was the cause of the problems.

For repair under the building set temporary supports. Disassemble the old design. Set a new pier foundation crosslinked. Do not forget to do waterproofing layer.

Brick structure is destroyed quickly if not uniform soil structure. can be replaced to improve stability on its solid foundation as follows:

1. Remove old masonry sections of a length of 0.8-1.2 m.
2. The holes formed in the soil from the compacted sand bedding concrete pad is poured.
3. Set them Construction jacks. Gently lift the house without major distortions to maintain the integrity of the power frame.
4. After reaching the desired level of support is supplied from the metal pipes (squares, angles), remove the jacks.
5. Completely dismantle the brickwork.
6. install formworkBind from reinforcement frame pour new foundations etc.A private home.

Instructions on the installation of foundations for private homes

Mounting strip foundation with his own hands: step by step guide

Photo	Creating formwork, particularly the basic design components
	In accordance with the plan on the land operate markup. If necessary, level the site. Digging a trench of a width sufficient for mounting the formwork. Sand podsypku 20 cm thick compacted. Set top polyethylene film 200 microns thick. At the bottom of the mixture was poured concrete and gravel (1) to form a layer of 10 cm. Reinforcing transverse wall (2) and the side (3) stanchions.
	This project involves the construction of a foundation with the dimensions 11,6H11,6 m. Note the bay. To make a curved surface without flaws author used the veneers 8 mm thick.
	The depth corresponds to the calculated value (1.2 m). AGL construction rises 0.5 m Total height -.. 1.7 m arrows in the photo marked with the special plastic clips, which together with the standard wire fixtures provide the necessary rigidity of the frame of the power in the process of filling construction mixture. They also raise the metal frame on concrete pad, help to maintain the optimum distance to the wall.
	For double insulation foundation for private houses used Penoplex sheets 50 mm in thickness. The picture shows how curly edges simplify the creation of high-quality joints in the corners, not just on the straights.
	The sheets of expanded polystyrene are fixed with nails, screws. It is necessary to set up such units in such a way to avoid contact with the elements of the power frame. Otherwise, cold bridges are formed which degrade the insulating properties of the foundation for a private home.
	For ventilation cap, electrical fittings, drainage and other utilities apply such inserts. Suitable products can be found in an assortment of elements sewer systems for outdoor installation. Red color tube designed for high loads, temperature extremes.
	Pouring concrete mix is ​​performed by standard techniques. To ensure uniformity of the structure employed specialized vibratory equipment electrically.
	After hardening of the mortar temporary formwork parts removed.

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Tying rebar by strip foundation. In the paper, we consider the reinforcement of the scheme, which tools are needed for calculating the number of required wire calculator, a detailed step by step instructions, the recommendations of experts.

How to make a pile foundation with his own hands

The easiest way to work with screw piles. These products are lightweight, so their carriage is permitted in the standard car trailer.

The distance between individual elements - from 1.5 to 3 meters. His change in view of the density of the soil, the load. Special anti-corrosion treatment is not required, if the acquired high-quality products. Trusted create protective layers using factory processes.

Once all piles screwing the internal cavity is filled with mortar. Next, set the gratings. additional transverse elements are sometimes used for carcass reinforcement. It should be noted that the reference to the standard pads convenient to attach channels, other parts of building structures.

Features columnar foundations

General preparatory processes are described in detail above, so pay more attention to the important nuances of this technology. With sufficient burial pier foundation provides good stability even on a soft ground. But with piles can obtain the best protection against frost heave deformation forces.

It is commendable relative ease of performing work operations. Excavation can be done manually without the use of special equipment. The distance between the vertical construction elements of the set in the range of 1.5-3 m. Rostwerk generated as typical concrete reinforcement jumper. This part of the construction does not essentially differ from the tape base.

Related article:

Pile Foundation: calculation. If there are difficulties with reliable support on a plot selected pile foundation structure. With the materials of this article, any person will be able to draft their own without errors.

slab foundation installation technology

With the help of this figure it is not difficult to understand the basic principles of the standard procedure:

• On the planarized surface of poured sand layer, it is compacted.
• Create a layer of gravel, make waterproofing.
• Next, mount the volume of the frame reinforcement. Its parameters are calculated from the future loads.
• Install formwork, concrete is poured. Pay attention to the side of the monolith. They perform the function of belt supports under load-bearing walls. At the same time - form a plinth. Outside it provides a decorative finish.
• Inside the set thick slabs of Styrofoam sufficient density.
• Above them mount heating system (Water / electricity), and a floor structure.

This design has a special name "Swedish stove" country of mass introduction of technology. It looks logical decision to install insulation on the ground. This prevents heat losses of water flow. For this layer must choose materials that meet future loads. Instead of the traditional methods of heating may be applied to the energy-saving scheme heat pump and solar collector.

Typical mistakes at the device foundation for private homes

The following list shows the details that should not be overlooked in the course of the project:

• for relatively light structures (wood of foam blocks) has no sense to select from a costly foundation piles;
• of course, the exception is the placement of the house on low ground, near a pond;
• in the preparation of soft black soil must be removed and all the vegetation (not less than 15-20 cm in depth, together with the root system);
• if there is no personal experience, in order to avoid accidents is better to address in the design organization for the training project. We emphasize the need for just such a method for the official registration of residential buildings, avoid problems when selling;
• when creating monolithic structures can not be neglected reinforcement. Power frame is set closer to the surface of the product, at a certain distance in the design documentation.

How much are the works on the foundation for a private house turnkey

When choosing a foundation slab turnkey price is from 3800 to 7600 rubles. per sq m.

additional recommendations

The correct solution is based on a precise calculation. To avoid mistakes, to give sufficient attention to the preparation. The most critical payment transactions is better to entrust the specialized professionals. Formalization of contracts when dealing with hired performers will provide the necessary guarantees.

Some types of foundations on their own can not be established for a private home. But in any case, a correct analysis of a comprehensive assessment of need. It includes the cost of materials, delivery, assembly operations. For answers to additional questions and to exchange views, use the comments to this article.

In the video below we talked about the creation of the foundation slab for a detached house with his own hands: