Carrying out zero cycle works during the construction or digging trenches for process piping, cable requires knowledge of the specific location of the possible passage of the section of the previously laid engineering communications.
Task is to find a water pipe (underground services) under the ground, an electric or telephone cable and stranded not to damage them while working excavator or bulldozer doable if properly and competently approach to the system Search.
This problem must be solved before the start of excavation at the site to prevent the risk of damage to communications, penalties and material costs for the restoration, covering damages.
Administrative ways to find water pipes under the ground
When the construction project site is located within the boundaries of the settlement there is a chance that after his laid communication central hot or cold water, sewer, electric and telephone cable. Laying is done in the area of the red line along the street, but it is traced in the most unlikely ways.
Officially laid communication are registered in the department of architecture and urban planning, applied to technical documentation plans with precise reference to the red lines of the adjacent regions. It is recommended to first apply to these organizations for information.
It happens that the data on the construction of underground utilities are not reported to the supervisory organization. Refer to the beginning of excavation works in the relevant organizations. Take the information about the presence of communications, laid on the construction site, if such exist, laying depth, accurate trace-bound.
This will allow the safe conduct earthworks and takes responsibility in case of damage are not specified pipeline or cable. When the portion of pipe passes from unauthorized frame, is responsible for damage to the master frame.
Search water pipes under the ground independently conducted by the following methods:
- With the involvement of a specialized organization;
- With the help of technical means, purchased on their own or leased;
- Independent search using a simple framework.
Attracting specialized organization
For the most effective results in the search for water mains pipe under the ground the best option - to entrust the work of specialized organizations. Professional actions of workers of the company, the use of modern instrumentation allow to reduce to zero accidents during excavation work using machinery.
Appeal to professionals has a number of advantages:
- When contacting the scope of work is determined by the customer's request, prepared a project and cost estimates, indicating the dates of the order;
- The contractor guarantees the quality of work performed;
- The company uses an expensive professional equipment. It is not always possible to find a simple instrument water pipes at great depths - by building codes to pave a water pipe system must be under ground at a depth of> 0.5 meters below the ground freezing in the art areas;
Types of equipment used by companies to search for cables and pipes under the ground - The company guarantees the serviceability of the equipment used to replace the equipment in case of damage or failure;
- Organization own accord in instances of preliminary data on the location of the previously laid communications;
- At the end of the work is made up of the exact location of pipelines laid in the area under the ground with reference to the borders with neighbors, or the red line. The plan will come in handy in the future in the construction of private homes and other facilities on the site.
Technologies and methods of self-search of underground communications
By underground utilities, which may be located at the site include:
- Metallic pipes of hot or cold water supply, heating, iron sewage, electricity cables, telephone lines;
- Water pipes are not electrically conductive - plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene, made of modern innovative materials.
What pipe used for laying underground piping is dependent on the net pressure condition of soil, the level of underground water, aggressiveness and other factors. Therefore organized search methods using appropriate processing equipment.
The use of metal detectors
Metal pipes, located at a depth of <1.5 meters, the easiest way to search using a conventional metal detector. In this case, insulation of water pipes in the ground does not affect the result of the search. Metal detectors provide accurate results without the significant financial costs on their own.
Metal detectors for sale are classified by categories:
- for beginners;
- middle class;
- professional.
Cost of products ranges from 5.5-125 thousand. To search for the pipeline it is recommended to use a metal detector middle class. Buy a device for single use is not necessary, take on lease or a friend's.
Special equipment and methods of working with him
To determine the exact location of the underground applies various special communications equipment designed specifically for performing such tasks. Species range of such equipment is manufactured from simple devices to the stations, which allow to receive the data, process the information transmitted through the satellite network.
The equipment is expensive, is used in companies specializing in such research. To search equipment includes:
- georadiolokatory (Geomax);
- radars;
- radars;
- cable locators;
- The track-seekers;
- routers;
- -Tracing station;
- tape and marker-seekers.
Selecting the search method and equipment depends on the type of communication, which are made of materials from the pipe, the availability of one of the pipe ends (cable) or absence of data on the presence and tracing cable lines, pipelines.
The principle of operation of the equipment for tracking and monitoring the state of communication is based on capturing heterodyne a receiver of electromagnetic induction field formed around the metal object in the ground or directly generator. This method is called induction.
Search methods induction electromagnetic field generated around the pipe or cable:
- Contact. By this method include active methods aiming current using a generator - a direct connection (galvanic) or via the induction annular clip. In both cases, the advance shall be provided direct access to one end of the conduit or cable to define the trace. This is the most efficient and accurate way;
- Active non-contact. In this case, the generator creates an electromagnetic field via a built inductive antenna above the intended destination of the pipeline;
- Passive. Here, the generator is not used. Pipe or cable are induced by electromagnetic fields. The method is used when the presence and communications trasologii unknown. In this embodiment, the search precision and efficiency are minimal.
The set of equipment consists of the following elements:
- Generator;
- Heterodyne receiver;
- A set of cables for connecting power, ground, connect directly to the conduit clamp or ring induction clip.
Generator
Generator - a device that forms a signal of a discrete set of frequencies set by the operator depending on the condition of the search object. To determine trace electrical cable under tension set frequency of 50 Hz to search for pipes with cathodic protection - 100 Hz.
The generator is designed to force the field current when connected directly (galvanically) to the investigated pipe or inductive. When the current passes around a cable or pipe artificially created electromagnetic field of a predetermined frequency. electromagnetic field detector signal is pulsed or inductive antenna.
In the case where there is no direct access to the water pipe or cable strands without stress, forced signal to them is fed generator installed on the objects, through a built-in inductive antenna.
Passive search generator is not in use.
With the proper use of the appliance kit manufacturers guarantee the life of up to 5 years.
heterodyne receiver
Receiver - a key element of the kit. The receiver receives communication signals from underground electromagnetic field generated by the generator or other natural emitters. After turning, a pair of receiver-generator to run correctly agree on operating frequency and a signal processing method.
The receiver receives a signal from two antennas - Impulse and induction. The signal is processed by the program for matching data from both antennas, the information is displayed. The amount of output data on the display, layout and configuration varies for different types of equipment, the number of available functions, the manufacturer.
Below the display are arranged and the setting keys. Here, the receiver is activated, set the sound level of the headphones, the resolution of the display screen is adjusted frequency operation. Individual keys call up the menu and selection of items. In addition to information about tracing, the screen shows how deep buried pipe, but only if the maximum signal (distance to the object is indicated center).
Use the locator, the connection, the purpose of each button, the display, settings discrete frequencies and the user menu is described in the product documentation or on the receiver housing, generator.
Carefully read the possible functions of the device, the display order changes and excretion.
Watch the video guide to setting up locator Ridgit as an example. It describes how to work correctly and properly with the devices possible functions.
Search plumbing plastic pipes
Searching plastic, polypropylene water pipes induction method is not suitable - no electromagnetic field around the pipe and there is the possibility of applying the generator.
For detecting the position of, not electrically conductive, pipe laying method using metal pipe inside the cable, probe or float. When connected to the generator, these elements emit a signal at a predetermined frequency. The direction of the probe define the lifting angle of the receiver antenna with the rotation to obtain a stable maximum signal.
Application frame
Using a framework for the search in the land of metal and plastic pipes, electric, telephone, or fiber optic cable gives results without material costs for the purchase of expensive equipment. The nature of this phenomenon from the point of view of science and medicine is not explained, occurs at the level of human intuition.
Work frame is not given to everyone, do not worry if it does not.
Technology:
- Take two flat aluminum wire length of 35-40 centimeters. Bend them the letter "G" so that one end was no less than the width of the palm. Acceptable to use a metal wire or electrode uncoated diameter> 3 mm. It is important that the frame was light;
- Take the wires in his hands, his fists do not need to compress, the effort only to have to hold the frame;
- Bend your arms at the elbows, the wire frame with the long ends are forward, parallel to each other and relative to the ground, the distance between them hold 15-20 centimeters;
- Locate the section where the pipe or cable underground. Pull 2 - 3 meters from the axis of the conduit, take the frame as in item 3, slowly approach the underground pipeline axis. In this case, the wire is not clamped in their fists. When approaching the axis of the wire are crossed. Above the pipe axis of the wire finally scratches and stand parallel to the axis. Further movement will cause the wire to return to its original position;
- Regardless of whether or not happened, do it 5-6 times. Pay attention to the distance to the axis at the beginning of the crossing wires at the output. The skilled practitioner determines the distances to these location depth pipeline or cable.
By combining the methods described above are active or abandoned communication with high accuracy regardless of the location of depth. This will avoid the complications of the zero cycle works on the construction site or find the impulse tube cable.
