To date, every homeowner often can choose his options and ways of residential space heating. The main thing is that the selected option to home heating was made legitimately has a high efficiency and remain economical. Radiant floor heating in the apartment It is one of the most successful and practical at present practical ways to organize high-quality heating. Today, there are the necessary technical capabilities, materials and components, which would organize their own residential space heating system in a similar way.
Warm floor - is, above all, competent project, appropriate training and compliance with all technical standards. Compliance with these conditions and requirements will allow you to equip a warm floor in his apartment, to create the necessary comfort. What are the water warm floor? How they are installed and what their main advantages and disadvantages will understand more.
Underfloor heating - principle of operation, characteristics and specifics
Warm floors - not a new phenomenon in the utility infrastructure. Even in ancient Rome for the heating of residential and public buildings use air heating system of this type. The heated air through channels located in the floor, distributed throughout the room by heating the interior. The basic idea of this method of heating was the fact that the coldest part of the building on the contrary, became very warm. The hot air is distributed over the floor and raised upwards uniformly filling all internal space.
About this method of heating remembered when there are new kinds and types of heating equipment, new materials, devices and equipment. Central heating, the presence of independent heat sources allows today to use water the floor of the apartment as a primary or auxiliary method of heating the dwelling. The technology is based on the principle of using the thermal energy which has coolant circulating in a central heating system or through a pipeline auxiliary heating. The pipe, which is a heating circuit, is placed directly into the cellar. Entering the heated coolant pipe transmits heat the floor surface.
Screed flooring are simultaneously heat accumulator and the source of a large area of heat radiation, by heating the interior. Due to its effectiveness, such heating system is widely used not only in private homes, cottages, but also found its place at the organization of heating city apartments.
Structurally water floor is a layered cake, which consists of the following elements:
- flooring (Finish);
- cushion (stacker coating);
- line of plastic pipes;
- collectors (devices connecting the water circuit to a heating system);
- fasteners pipeline;
- heating apparatus and centralized coolant supply.
Finish coating may be made of any construction materials used for these purposes.
Important! When floor heating equipment should be preferred finishing flooring materials having not only high aesthetic data, but also having a good thermal conductivity.
Depending on the technological facilities for these purposes usually as a finish coating used porcelain, ceramic tiles. For premises better suited laminate flooring and linoleum. The floor layer should be not only durable and tough enough, but also practical, providing access to the heating circuit. Each embodiment of the floor covering has the specificity and characteristics.
For instance: parquet or laminate before laying require the presence of a special cushion, which will protect the wood from drying out. Linoleum must be sure to comply with the relevant environmental standards. Otherwise, under constant exposure to high temperature, PVC components linoleum can The beaten into the interior of the body to harmful chemicals.
Depending on the use of the floor covering and method for laying a water Heated floor apartment may be of the following types:
- wooden;
- polystyrene (synthetic);
- concrete.
In the first two embodiments are used primarily decorative and insulating building materials. In the latter, in the third case we are talking about the concrete screed. This species is the most time-consuming and involves a large amount of preparation, installation and wet work.
Water Floors in the apartment are made of wood, have a fundamentally different structure. The water circuit is placed directly on the joists or battens. A layer of insulation (wool, polystyrene) in this case is mounted in the space between the water tubes. On top of the pipeline is laid aluminum layer, and already mounted on top of cardboard or styrofoam. Such kind of substrate is called cake, where each layer has its practical and technological importance.
For equipment synthetic underfloor emphasis on the use of the finished layer thermal insulation, which is already laid, and the water circuit plate distributing heat by floor surface. After laid absorbent material for absorbing moisture. On top of the cake is already mounting a decorative finish coating.
Advantages and disadvantages of water sexes
Without going into technical details, the subtleties and nuances of laying underfloor heating, it should be noted that such apartments heating circuit in the apartment building is quite realizable. Even taking into account the objective of structural complexity and the official ban on equipment many tenants in apartments today rely on this method of heating housing.
The issue is solved much easier, when the house is worth an autonomous gas boiler. Heating on a "warm water floor" can be carried out legally, especially if we take into account the benefits that open to owners of the apartment. Which gives a warm floor in the general context of home heating?
- floor heating with heat transfer fluid is convenient and practical in use;
- the cost of installation and maintenance of water sex is much less of other types of underfloor heating;
- water floor heating system is absolutely harmless in terms of the hygiene;
- cost-effective operation, easy control and adjustment.
The main comparison that can withstand water floor heating is done with heating systems that operate on electricity. In terms of ease of installation and future maintenance of electrical floors seem preferable. In terms of profitability and efficiency, radiant floor heating apart from the competition.
As for the disadvantages that may be encountered at the very beginning, there is the first place is the complexity of the installation of this type of heating system. Then you can talk about the high cost of such a heating system. In the absence of complete and adequate quality of the materials, there may be a problem with the integrity of heating circuit, which makes the subsequent operation in the home heating equipment and problematic costly.
For reference: at break (break of the heating circuit) will have to seek a breakthrough place, removing fragments of concrete screed. In a city apartment conditions such events is problematic. When using the component of the cake (support team) is much easier to find the damage and repair it.
For residents of new private houses, the owners of houses and other buildings installation of warm water from the ground floor - a good and relevant engineering solution. In apartment buildings, old houses in improvement of the heating system with underfloor heating is fraught with large-scale reconstruction of existing utilities. Accordingly increases for the cost of dismantling, packing and connecting the system to the heat source.
Practical application of underfloor heating. What are the options?
Given the current heating devices, high technology heating equipment, underfloor heating has become possible to mount even in a city apartment. The main feature is that the system does not require large-scale works and a special permit.
Important! Warm water floor in the apartment where the core is a centralized heating system, install officially prohibited. The ban is associated with an increase in the technical burden on the central heating. Thermal calculations made at the time of construction of the house, do not take into account the additional load on the heating circuit.
The simplest scheme underfloor connection is shown in Figure schema
What would underfloor heating system to work effectively and safely for the main district heating, require the installation of additional equipment to provide forced circulation. For these purposes are usually placed a mixing unit and a pressure pump. For district heating, where there is natural circulation, the installation of such equipment requires additional thermal and hydraulic calculations.
Important! It is extremely dangerous to connect floor heating system to hot water. The increased consumption of hot water needed for the circulation of the heating circuit will be the cause of poor pressure in the heating system of the house.
Assessing all the existing difficulties and challenges for the equipment in the apartment floor heating, must be prepared for a large volume of work. Reconstruction involves apartments in this case the dismantling of the old nodes and elements of the heating system, including wiring and unnecessary heating radiators. The ideal option arrangement of floor heating in a city apartment will connect to the district heating in smokers first floor, when the main flow of coolant does not lose its power and speed, acting upward, in other apartment.
In this case, you will need to install a central heating system risers special collectors - mixers. The presence of three-way valves provide the required temperature of the coolant in the heating circuit and a floor heating you retain the allowable temperature of the boiler water tubes of central heating.
For reference: optimum underfloor heating temperature is 35-450C., whereas the central water supply riser has a temperature of 900 and higher. This temperature is not allowed to heat the house under the scheme a warm floor. With the object of reducing the coolant temperature copes mixing unit.
What would the whole system to work properly, a prerequisite is the installation of mud. Boiler water coming from a heating plant, does not have high process parameters. Thanks to this device manages to maintain the heating medium in good condition, delaying large fragments of the scale, preventing ingress of large debris in a fairly narrow pipe of the heating circuit water sexes. In addition to the mixers your system of floor heating in the apartment needs to install pumping equipment providing coolant circulation for internal circuits.
Pump operation will maintain the operating pressure in the piping underfloor equal to the pressure in a centralized system. In the absence of the pump there is a real threat to stop the circulation of the coolant in the circuit. Accordingly, the floor heating will be uneven.
Often, the best way out of this situation is to install a heat exchanger with an intermediate function. In this case, your heating system connected to the central line becomes almost completely autonomous.
findings
If you manage to implement his plan to make at his home heating hot water floor, the effect is instantaneous. For apartments, which have a front wall, a heating option is very effective. With the appropriate thermal efficiency of residential premises, heated floor heating becomes a good resource.
The main feature of the system - low heating temperature. In most cases the temperature of the coolant supplied to the central heating system is not as high as desired. Thermal energy by radiators in insufficient quantity supplied into the room. But for underfloor heating, so heating the coolant temperature is ideal. With mixers readily be able to compensate for the difference in temperature, achieving the required temperature.
