Metal ladder on the second floor in the house with his own hands 50 photo

Creaky wooden structures, leading to the bedroom and the nursery, do not fit into each interior of modern houses. A worthy alternative to them - from the metal stage. Despite the complexity of the processing of the material and the difficulties during installation, metal stairs to the second floor is the most durable and safest option. They differ not only in strength, but also ease the ability to perform the product in the most incredible style. A huge variety of designs, shapes, colors allows for various design tasks.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal stairs

Metal ladders are increasingly used in private construction. Their main advantage - the ability to combine several types of mounting materials. Look good mix of an iron frame and steps made of wood or stone. These stairs have the following advantages:

• Due to the high strength to withstand heavy loads;
• Long service life (over 50 years);
• Immunity to internal impacts;
• Absolutely safe. The material will not support combustion, no harmful substances;
• Easy to operate, does not require any special care;
• A wide variety of forms of handrails, steps, types of installation;
• Quick installation. Installation will take a few days;
• Production of metal structure is cheaper than collecting the usual steps of the tree.

The disadvantages of metal stairs in the building include a laborious material processing. Iron requires periodic soaking different structures against corrosion. Welded construction must be very careful not to leave the rough seams, which in future will be impossible to smooth out. Select the appropriate design and type of degrees better than at the stage of draft works when building a house. You must create a detailed drawing, make measurements.

Kinds of metal stairs

Stair metal constructions can be of different configurations. They differ in form, the frame type, the installation method. They are made of different metal species which also require a certain processing. Indoors pure metal stairs are rarely used. Stage is replaced by plastic, wood, stone.

Straight stairway

The most popular and easy to produce the design. It is created based on the biomechanics of movement, so it is convenient for up and down. Due to the impressive length of the chassis to install will require a lot of space. In addition to the basics, to the design includes stage fixtures, railings. If you allow the height of the holiday home, you can connect several spans a small playground.

Set up a direct propulsion ladder must be held strictly according to instructions. It is necessary to take into account all the nuances of fixing bearing beams. Mounting say on supports whose thickness is not less than 6 cm. The angle of inclination of the room must not exceed 38 degrees. This ladder can be done simply framing or podstupennikami. For fencing made balusters, railings, decorative elements of forging.

Spiral staircase

Before you make in the project of building houses a spiral staircase, you must familiarize yourself with some design features. Steps will be placed with a slight hook spiral or alternating with steep turns. Compact stairs can be quite inconvenient in operation.

All models have a screw similar projections. In the center is set support, are fixed at different heights to a certain stage of the race. Such designs take up little space, are highly decorative.

Stairs spiral must always be guarded. To increase security, steps should cover material to prevent slipping. structural strength would depend on manufacturing technology and material. Use forged, welded, cast model.

Failure to comply with the design rules, a spiral staircase can become less comfortable, and even dangerous. Due to the limited space and sharp turns lifting bulky cargo will be difficult.

turning staircase

Models used as a street version, as well as inside the home. Design can be purchased ready-made or make with their own hands. For manufacturing the carcass required channels, shaped pipes, angles.

Depending on the location of the span angle relative to each other Rotary stairs are of two main types:

• With the platform. Variant with intermediate horizontal portion on the turn is suitable for small buildings, where the area is clearly visible deficit. The angle between the spans may be 90 ° and 180 °. Place in the top of the incline frame can be used to store all sorts of things.
• With rotary stages. Instead of turning the site to build a few winders. Angle of curl defines the number of wedge shaped protrusions.

Classification by type of stairs

Equip a private home can be any type of metal ladder. Designs to choose from a lot. Having considered all the options and make the right drawing, you can build the original pedestrian lift his hands. For some types require a solid frame, while others will cost the bolts recessed into the wall.

on the string

This method of fixing steps not only performs the function of fixing, but also is the original flight decor. Type string selected based on the potential load. This is based on the frequency of use of the march, the overall design of the room. This part of the ladder should be fully in harmony with the interior decor.

Attach the string to the stage in several ways. According to the variation process is divided into the following types:

1. Steps on the corners. Support for the treads are metal corners, which are secured to the plate. To strengthen the structure using iron rods, massive bolts.
2. Sliding, Mortice stage. Inserted into the tread grooves of the base beam. First it accurately mark and cut out recess;
3. Speaking from the race. Most often the method is used for screw and rotary ladders. Design have only one string of complex geometric shapes. Treads have a cone shape. Their inner edge is attached to the central support, the outside - the lateral strips.

on kosour

In contrast to the models on the string, bearing beams located under the stairs and do not go beyond them. On such elements are mounted all the parts of lift system.

Depending on the number of beams, metal stairs are divided into several types:

• Single. Kosour use one is placed in the middle of March;
• Double. Steps mounted on two support beams. The projections can be strictly on the edges or offset inward;
• Triple. Girders located at the edges and in the middle. Additional kosour it makes sense to set long for the hardening steps, more than 2 meters.

For the manufacture of Saddle stairs you can use any strong metal with high load-bearing capacity. Most use a channel, a steel pipe. Connect the parts with welding.

cantilever

A more sophisticated design than previous versions. It does not provide for the support beams. Steps mounted on spatial metal frame. Erection is carried out in several stages. First collect the iron base and attach itself to the wall. anchorages type is selected under the material on vertical surfaces. The next step is to install the riser and stages, finishing the chosen material. At the final stage is set along the walls and skirting the fence.

Do yourself a model at home can only people with experience. The difficulty lies in the need for accurate calculations at the design stage. For installation required durable and reliable fastening elements bearing wall.

rails

For the installation of such structures using two types of fasteners - vertical and horizontal. The first set between the stages, the second into the wall. For both types of strength special requirements.

Method of attachment, shape, size, horizontal rails are selected based on the wall material. Prepared hole is filled with a bonding solution, is placed a pin, a threaded connection is fixed. The fastening element should be of sufficient length to ensure that bear the weight of the moving stairs of people. If the structure has vertical supports, rails replaced by the usual pins. Thick wall provides entry into the rubber sleeve.

Boltsevye ladder form balusters. They are threaded on both sides. One end fastened to the stage, the second to the railing. The articles may be of metal, wood or combined type.

modular

The design has a number of advantages over other options. To assemble the need not to use welding. You can choose the most incredible form suitable to the type of premises and interior style. The slope of modules simply regulated, making it possible to assemble the model of any height.

Of the modules can be done marching, rotatable, a spiral staircase. This will require a properly folded and fix patterned elements. Increase stiffness due to the support tubes that are mounted every meter stages. Collect a ladder in several ways:

1. Module module. Kosour assembled of several elements, cover plates and twisted locking screws. Once assembled such a ladder would have a significant curvature, which can not be corrected. Due to the weakening of the elements there is a risk of rapid sagging structure.
2. Threaded rods. Special assembly parts eliminates distortion and sagging. Steps are recorded on a "module in the module," but reinforced by welding. assembly option is suitable if the future is not planned construction of the displacement.
3. By the principle of the clamp. All load take long studs. Pressure is distributed evenly through the rotary flanges for mounting protrusions. The length and height of the steps can be adjusted independently.

All abutting modular ladder connections require periodic inspection, as in time become loose and may fall. The modules are inferior in strength solid model.

Characteristics and requirements for the design and manufacture of metal stairs

All responsible design made by EU standards. Metal stairs design according to specific standards. Each material has its allowable dimensions, the method of placement in the room. Without special skills and experience to design their own can be just a simple configuration ladder.

First we need to draw a plan of arrangement spans. It is necessary to specify the height of the room, the size of the opening of the second floor, the width of the march. Drawing on selected sizes, pick the type of construction and its design. Steepness of the stairs determines its location and purpose. At this stage, we determined the shape and number of steps.

According to the width of construction norms flight of stairs must not be less than 1 meter. May be, if the design involves the design registration. The minimum distance from the steps up to the ceiling - 2 meters. If it is reduced, then the descent to an adult would have to bend down. Recommended tread width - 25 cm. The deviation in the smaller side will make the path unsafe in large - uncomfortable.

Crucial moment when drafting the - calculation of the support frame capacity. It is necessary to take into account all the potential load of the flight weight and fasteners, people on the move.

Production of metal stairs with his hands

Simple and reliable ladder on two kosour can be made in different variations. For any model will be the basis for guiding the beam that supports the entire march. On the carrier elements will be secured and stowed lift system level. The support may be a straight or broken line. The latter option is preferable as meets all safety requirements. To assemble a frame with your hands, it requires special equipment and ability to make an accurate drawing.

Project: Design features and dimensions

The easiest option ladders - fixed profile between two floors without turns. Basis elongated structure consists of two identical beams disposed parallel to one another. Attached to elements overlaps the upper and lower floors.

To make the project their own future ladder, you must take measurements of the space in which the structure will be. As the instrumentation is convenient to use a long tape measure, level meter surface, a special pen or a piece of chalk for marking.

metal stairs to the second floor the size should be calculated taking into account the security needs and comfort. The design allows two kosour as accurately as possible to adhere to the recommended rates. If you allow the area of ​​the house, make the width of the steps - 1 m, depth - 25 cm, height - 20 cm. The angle of inclination of the span should not exceed 40 degrees.

How to make payments

Plans must reflect the exact parameters of the future construction. To this end, the following measurements should be performed:

• The distance from the floor of the first floor to the second floor with the overlap;
• The length of the ladder horizontally - calculation in centimeters from the first to the last stage;
• The size of the opening of the second floor;
• The depth of the tread;
• The height of the riser.

Ceiling height - constant. It is determined by the building project. The remaining values ​​can be adjusted to the desired resolution. To calculate the number of steps necessary to ceiling height divided by the length of the riser.

Determine the size kosoura simply knowing the number of steps. Inherent in the project was the depth multiplied by their number. The result will be the length of the projection of the floor. Squaring the ceiling height and the length of the projection, folding. Extract the root of the result and obtain kosoura length.

Required tools and material selection

Each process for the manufacture of metal structures begins with a preparatory phase. It is important to choose a quality durable material to ensure maximum stiffness under vertical load. A better option would be to use a shaped tube 120 x 60 x 4 mm. If the profile wall is thinner assembled structure will yield. It requires the installation of additional supports for stability.

The seam on the profile pipe stringers must be on its narrow side (60 mm). The finished product will look carefully after painting, does not require additional stripping. To work on the production of stairs will need the following tools:

• Welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• Screwdriver, a drill (drill for metal);
• Remedies (special mask, suit, gloves);
• Vises, clamps;
• Brush on metal;
• Formulations suitable for priming the metal surfaces.

making

The construction of a straight ladder on two kosour is conducted as usual. First make the fillies of fittings, cut the profile of the required size. In the next step brackets are welded to the bearing device. Then inverted channel on edge.

Now apply markup, and clearly respecting the distance, welded fillies. To the prepared product for securing the second channel is applied and transferred to a precision value. After welding all the details stairs sanded brushed metal from sharp burrs, start priming and staining.

mount

Welded metal staircase is ready for installation. Secure the stringers in the lower and upper part in several ways. The choice of a suitable embodiment will influence the thickness of the overlap, the device characteristics of the elements themselves, other technical features.

The lower ends of stringers beams in an inclined position subjected to the pressure as the vertical forces and directed horizontally. Additionally installed supports must withstand a load of all the elements. It is important to not only securely design, but also provide excellent mechanical stability of the system. The lower part is set in several ways:

1. Downstairs kosoura and joists made of V-shaped cuts. When mounting they are connected to the castle and reinforced metal corners, vertical studs.
2. Just one corner drunk on the beam or floor, if it is thick enough to allow the ends of the lower ladder deeply.
3. On the big and strong areas can create a special lock, which will securely hold the lower elements.

Mounting the upper portion may be implemented by bilateral washed down. But if the staircase edge insufficiently strong, there is a possibility of further weaken due to the vertical direction of the forces. In this case, make a cutout in the ceiling only.

stairs

For installation steps on a metal frame designed specifically fillies. They are doing the layout, drill holes size bolts or screws. The most common skin made of wood, but modern interiors accept plastic, durable glass, stone. With the mounting adhesive acts to secure the substrate of plywood. Using clamps fixed wooden laths, smoothly screwed screws and bolts.

Fasteners selected length slightly less wooden laths. They should only be screwed from below by first placing both under the bonnet rubber washer. Plastic, glass and stone is fixed with an adhesive. For metal steps using welding or bolts.

railing

At the final stage is set walling. With metal frame ladder is perfect blend of any of the materials, so the choice is done taking into account the overall interior style and design rooms of the lower and upper floors. Look exquisitely wrought aluminum protection. Special practicality different fences made of plastic, stainless steel. Warmth filled the room railing made of natural materials - wood and colored glass.

Most types of fences are composed of several parts. It's supporting pillars, cross-bars, the intermediate balusters and railings themselves. Structural stability depends precisely on the supports and balusters, which are bearing elements. Depending on the manufacturing material, they are fixed to the steps in several ways: with screws or screws on threaded studs on the boring machine.

Finishing work

As the skin, you can use any of the available materials. It is he who will determine the final appearance of design, comfort and ease of use. When choosing consider the appointment of a ladder, the frequency of use, the interior. You can only use wood, drywall, plastic or a combination of several options.

Modern technology allows to combine with any metal plating material. Universal base in perfect harmony, both with noble wood and with affordable polycarbonate. skin type provide at the design stage. For installation steps and handrail of each material required to prepare the corresponding fastening elements and accessories.

Care: the protection and treatment of metal stairs

The main problem of metal products - corrosion. It occurs on the surfaces, not protected by special compositions at high humidity. Immediately after the assembly design must be processed by means of anti-rust, particular attention should be attributed to the docking location details. The best ways to protect - electroplating, plating, varnishing, cathodic treatment. Only lacquer materials, other options will be available on special plants can be used in the home.

Besides the basic protection, metal ladders require regular maintenance. Stainless steel parts the least demanding. They can be cleaned with soap and water wash means. Slight scratches embedded nitric acid.

Brass and bronze are prone to darkening. To impart gloss detail using wholemeal flour, sawdust from the attic, an alcohol with toothpaste. The oxide film formed on the surface with time, removed of red iron oxide powder.

Forged components of iron and iron do not require special care. Their enough to wipe with a damp cloth. The difficulty lies in the large number of curved pieces, each piece of which will have to be thoroughly cleaned of dirt zabivsheysya. Rinse aid such balusters rubbed special wax.

conclusion

Separate fabrication Saddle stairs rather complicated process. Detailed and well-formed figure will help to avoid errors and provide unpleasant situations during the operation. Time to notice the deviation from the scheme, it is possible to stop the installation or construction and go back a few steps back.