Microwave - a complex electrical device that performs important functions in the kitchen. Polzvatsya it can each, but the principle of operation of the microwave oven for many a mystery.
The main component of any microwave oven - a magnetron which is a metal chamber. It includes a transformer, the door, the rotary table, a motor, a control unit, a waveguide, a fan. Some models may be further integrated dissector, whose main task is to ensure uniform heating of food. There are also options inverter furnaces spent minimal amount of energy to a faster heating or cooking.
This device is a vacuum tube, whose task - to generate microwave radiation. That it affects the water molecules, causing them to move and to create the heat required for heating food.
Transformer
Producing radiation of the magnetron is possible due to the high voltage transformer. He, along with the magnetron is the main component of the microwave. Characterized by high cost.
Door
Performs safety functions, and provides additional protection. During the opening of the plate, any selected mode is stopped, not allowing radiation to go beyond the metal chamber. door device is complex because it has to do a lot of technical specifications:
- It should be possible to close contact with the body, not allowing radiation to come out;
- Inside it is a high-frequency choke barrier, whose mission - to reduce the radiation to the required parameters;
- The structure of the door during its production is mixed into a large amount of additives required for the absorption of radiation.
Control block
It consists of two rotary controls, one needs to be placed temperature, the second is a timer.
It provides rotation of the glass tray for uniform heating of food from all sides. Powered by a small built-in motor of.
Waveguide
It feeds into the chamber electromagnetic radiation generated by the magnetron. Protect it from dirt and helps to extend the life of the mica plate is provided directly on the inner wall of the chamber. This cover must be periodically cleaned to ensure the normal operation of the device.
Fan
It cools the magnetron is in the process of the microwave.
Principle of operation
His work microwave oven performs by converting electromagnetic fields into thermal energy. The operating principle of a microwave oven is heating only the product itself, in contrast to the oven, which is heated with a meal the whole oven. The food in the microwave is heated and is preparing much faster.
The frequency of the microwaves almost all described appliances - 2450 MHz. The mechanism of action of the microwave radiation in the fact that it affects the dipole water molecules, changing the direction of their movement. It is almost 5 billion times per second. As a result of active large amount of heat movement.
Microwaves change temperature parameter only from the outside of the product, slightly penetrating inside (maximum 3 cm). Warm it completely helps to heat conduction function. Therefore, the principle of cooking or warming up a large portion of the solid food is to include the device is not at maximum power, exposing more time.
Specifications
Solo
Only heats and cooks, grill, convection and multifunctional. Latest perform not only standard functions, but can replace the grill, oven, sterilizer, toaster, steamer, as well as induction cookers.
The volume of the internal space
Range - 20-48 liters. The acquisition of the microwave and its amount depends on the number of users. In the latter case, you can just warm up a few plates of food.
Variety grill
The heating element is electric heaters, quartz, ceramic. Fastest cooking process will be the case in a single device combining the two grills.
control method
Mechanical, touch, push-button.
Power
If the oven can only perform the standard functions, its power is in the range 500-1100 watts. The presence of the grill increases the power of 850-1500 watts. If the device is mounted convector and grill at the same time, its maximum capacity may be 2000 watts.
internal coating
This may be the cheapest enamel, durable enamel coating and antibacterial stainless steel.
When choosing a microwave It should be based specifications. The best indicators of their impact on the increase in the cost.
Work at the level of an electrical circuit
Schemes of microwave ovens from any manufacturer virtually indistinguishable. The main difference in the appearance of vehicles.
"Samsung" Consider the diagram of the furnace operation.
While turning the mode magnetron starts to produce energy, which is converted into heat. It is aimed specifically at any one item that needs to be heated. The main element of the electric circuit of the furnace transformer is anodically stabilizer the glow-type.
The circuit consists of two parts:
- Managing. It includes a microcontroller, a display control unit, electromagnetic relays, buzzer. To feed this part of the device using a step-down transformer;
- Actuators: a magnetron, a fan, moto-reducer table, backlight.
Particular attention should be paid to the executive chain. It is this part of the electrical generator is considered the furnace radiation. Chain begins with a high-voltage transformer, the primary winding of which is connected the voltage of 220 V.
The voltage from the secondary winding is supplied to the magnetron filament winding, which consumes a current of 10 A. Another winding of the transformer, the capacitor and the diode to produce a voltage of 4 kV, which allows to feed anode magnetron. Because of the small anode current (0.3 A), the movement of electrons created in vacuo.
Recommendations for dismantling microwave
Follow the steps to disassemble the microwave oven yourself, take pictures every step. Images help to collect the device back in the correct sequence. If you do not have the necessary knowledge in electronics, better ask for help from the master.
Key recommendations required for dismantling the microwave:
- During disassembly observe the safety regulations, we are talking about high-voltage and microwave radiation.
- Before you start, be sure to disconnect the unit from the mains and discharge the capacitor.
- Removing mica plate, it can turn the other side to tie in place.
- Never attempt to repair a magnetron - a life-threatening.
- During removal of the magnetron is necessary to watch not to hit it, because it may damage it. Returning it to the place, make sure that the magnetron gasket is positioned correctly and thus is not damaged.
- By varying the magnetron antenna cap, pick necessarily exactly the same in shape and size.
- Start with repairs always remove the cover.
With the microwave should be handled carefully and not try to repair by yourself, having no experience. Quality care will prolong its life and delay the time of repair.