Flooring: select floors for apartments and houses 80 photos

Construction, reconstruction, repair work of any room ending its interior. If the foundation is the basis for the entire structure, the floor - the foundation of its separate parts of the room. From the base of the interior depends on the specific location as a whole.

The upper layer (floor) not only decorates the floor, it protects it from moisture, mechanical impacts. With this in mind, the owners will think about what to choose flooring for the room, what to prefer. Some stops on the linoleum, laminate, others opt for natural raw materials - parquet board. Just consider all the possible materials offered construction market, you can create an original design.

to outdoor coverage requirements for different rooms

Features of the premises, its functionality has an influence on the choice of material for the flooring. The floor in the bathroom could not be the same as in the bedroom, a room with a variety of functions. Gym, office, warehouse, living space - all of which require separate, individual flooring. Thus, the upper layer must meet the following general requirements:

• Flooring necessarily coincide with the overall interior design;
• To address the intended use of the space;
• Have a good decorative qualities;
• Do not create difficulties when cleaning from dirt, dust;
• Be insensitive to stress, shock;
• Possess moisture resistance, noise insulation, wear-resistant properties.

All decks can be divided into three groups: industrial, office, residential. For the premises of the company, the company is required-wear materials. For the rooms in the house or apartment has its own requirements:

Living rooms - living room, bedroom, children's

All the inhabitants of the house most of the time in a residential area. Therefore flooring in these areas must be different durability. In the living room take friends, acquaintances, family members themselves here while away the evening, respectively, to the floor load is large enough. Material flooring is chosen because of its resistance to degradation, the emergence of scratches, which can leave your favorite pets or furniture, with its transposition.

Bedroom, children's room requires a responsible approach to the choice of flooring. It must be made of natural raw materials, to not cause allergic reactions or diseases in households. Children, in turn, like to have fun. They run, jump, something to master, play games, drawing pencils, felt-tip pens. Their actions are a great dynamic loads on the floor, which should be considered when choosing. Besides environmental factors must be considered such properties as hardness, resistance to sliding. For children's applicable even such a characteristic as ergonomics, so that the child did not get accidental injuries.

An important requirement is to match the floor aesthetic properties and overall style decision interior. For example, in the Arab style is characterized by dark color, African - shades of dry grass, scorched soil, Greek - green, lemon background.

Kitchen

Kitchen - is not only a place of cooking in this concept fits much more. Here there is a family meeting to discuss important issues, the adoption of major decisions. Some even use the premises for washing things, having in it the washing machine. Accordingly, the room should be comfortable for hanging out, and the floor - practical, fit harmoniously into the overall appearance, meet the characteristic requirements.

Kitchen area differs high traffic area is intense movement of households. They serve food, so the space is constantly changing temperature, humidity, evaporation into the air fall. Accordingly, sexual layer should be:

• Moisture-resistant. The presence of water on the kitchen floors - a fairly common scene. Fluid enters with condensation, spray with a utensil in which food is prepared, it remains after the wet cleaning;
• Waterproof. The material must not only be resistant to water, it unacceptably absorption, pass through itself. This condition must be observed because the coating can be formed by microorganisms decomposing wood or concrete, roofed beneath the surface;
• Durable. Around plate often adipose layer that must be removed by using chemicals and scrubbing. The coating should withstand such loads and do not change their color and texture;
• Do not slip. To prevent injuries, it is required to choose the rough surfaces that do not allow the fluid to flow at a plane;
• Impact-resistant. The coating should withstand various shocks. Awkward movement can lead to accidental broken crockery, Padania pots, pans.

By combining different materials, zoning space, it is necessary to cover the incongruous meet these requirements.

hallway

The room where everyone goes to work, walk, shopping. This is the first place in the house in which you find yourself at the entrance to the home. Here focuses all the dirt, brought on footwear. Particles of sand, clay materials are abrasive, which may damage the floor, so it must be protected from such exposure. In addition, women's heels, handcarts, bicycles, skis can also have a negative impact on him.

During rain, snow people are entered into the house of the moisture remaining on the umbrellas, clothing, hand luggage, as well as various reagents used in the street for the expensive treatment. Therefore, characteristics of water resistance, ability to withstand chemical attack to cover play an important role.

Hallway is characterized by a more solid flooring to withstand shock loads. Also uses different synthetic materials - laminate and linoleum, rarely ceramic tile, natural stone, parquet. The main thing is that they do not emit harmful substances, have an attractive appearance.

bathroom

Toilet, bathroom - the most demanding of the room when choosing a floor finishing materials. It is necessary to take into account the eternal humidity, temperature changes, as well as to combine aesthetics with safety cover, create a comfortable environment.

The layer materials selected should correspond to the room. Gender should be made warm. When using ceramics, a filling cover, for the heating water is installed, an electric heating system. With regards to the total space considered constant fact the presence of water, entering it on all surfaces, so the steam, waterproofing must be present here.

When choosing a cover based on its ability to withstand the load in a washing machine, shower, bath water, toilets, and other useful items. Preferably the presence of bias on the plane, it contributes to the collection of water in one place, not allowing it to spread across the perimeter of the room. It is important not to forget about the decoration of bathrooms, the compatibility of colors of all elements.

Balcony / Deck

The peculiarity of these facilities - the lack of heating. This fact causes that the temperature is practically corresponds to the street is constantly changing. Unglazed balconies exposed to natural rainfall. Because of the moisture can rot flooring, become fertile ground for the development of mold.

Floor open onto balconies must be frost-resistant, non-flammable, non-slip, do not absorb moisture, does not absorb it. Put forward conditions reduce the types of materials used for the surface. You can leave a conventional concrete floor, cover him with ceramic, rubber tiles, granite tiles, use frost-resistant linoleum.

Closed balconies, loggias are less susceptible to the sun's rays, to rain, snow. If you set the heating, the room will be a little different from the apartment, so you can cover the floor with any material. It is desirable that it was soundproof. On the non-insulated balcony, unheated loggia fit frost resistant flooring.

Embodiments of flooring, their advantages and disadvantages

A country house, a city apartment should be sturdy, durable floor. Its base may be concrete, wood, coated with the respective floor material. By the choice of suitable raw materials deliberately, it determines the service life, the overall look of the room. In contrast, wall and ceiling surfaces, which can be regularly updated (wallpaper glue, repainting, whiten), the floor is subjected to less stress. In addition to time-consuming work, this is still quite a costly undertaking.

The materials used to cover the floor, distinguished by their properties, have different characteristics. The raw materials used include concrete, stone, plastic, wood, polymers, rubber. As well decks are divided into the piece, roll, tiled, self-leveling floor. The construction market offers a wide range of building materials, is able to meet the needs of homeowners. Consider the characteristics of the most popular ones:

Batten

Profile board made of wood, according to the method of production is divided into massive and glued. Depending on the type, different product characteristics, method of attachment to the base.

Solid wood is obtained from solid wood, the quality of which depends on the class of the finished product. There are only four. The first two are used for the main deck. They are varnished, highlighting the natural, natural pattern. Third, fourth class contains swirls, small defects. Such boards often used for rough finishing. When applying as a finish flooring, they are stained. To obtain an even floor surface, after the installation work material grind.

Glued board obtained by bonding the individual lamellae. It is distinguished by the absence of defects, strength. The plane of this building material does not require additional alignment.

Environmentally friendly building material, has good wear resistance, it helps to keep the heat in the room has a high strength. The disadvantages of raw materials include weak soundproofing little resistance to moisture.

Heavy furniture should be installed on additional rubber supports under the legs, in order to avoid dents on the tree.

Laminate

Building material is a four-layer structure. Bottom row protects against deformation. Surface - made of acrylic resin, melamine less that confer resistance to impact product durability. Second layer - main, represented fibreboard. The image is applied to paper, which is the third layer. It can mimic wood, stone, different texture.

Laminate different low price. It is resistant to stress, it does not require constant care. Is an environmentally friendly material, it does not contain substances that can be harmful to human health. In the presence of the special substrate, it can be installed on the floor with an aqueous, electrically heated. With proper maintenance will last for 10 years.

Disadvantages include poor resistance to water. Laminate flooring requires some skill when laying, if the technology is broken, it swells. The coating should be laid very flat ground plane, otherwise it will emit the characteristic sounds (squeak). It has a lot of classes that define the limit stress on the material.

Parquet and parquet board

Building material refers to traditional flooring. It has a wood base with glued seam of valuable species. When laying parquet can be used several ways. It can be glued directly to a flat screed, simply put the mosaic way, without using adhesives mixtures previously prepare the surface (base coated with waterproofing, laid on top substrate). The second method is less durable, but allows to replace the damaged element.

parquet dignity expressed in its durability, reliability. It consists of wood, which is neutral for the individual. Well-kept warm. Of the existing wooden flooring, building material most in demand. It has a large number of different colors.

The high price and deformation of the material - its main drawbacks. He also has a limited design, imitating the structure of wood only. It requires additional processing special structures, protecting it from moisture, giving wear resistance and resistance to mechanical damage.

Linoleum

A common type of coating. Material found everywhere. Its release in rolls, also has a PVC tiles. According to the type of application it is divided into domestic, semi-commercial, commercial. Type determines its hardness and thickness, which influence the wear material. Fixing to the ground in three ways. It can be glued, leveled and fix skirting, use tape.

Building material offers good protection against moisture, has a very long life. It is easy to maintain, cleaned of contaminants. A wide range of colors and textures. Frost-resistant variants can be used in unheated rooms.

The structure of this product include rubber, alkyd resin, polyvinyl chloride. These chemicals do not belong in the category of the product environmentally friendly. With strong temperature changes, material changes its physical properties, it begins to crack, crumble. After spreading on the surface, it takes time for rectification, the adaptation to the surface, a snug fit to the screed.

carpeting

The soft coating, which, unlike the carpet completely carpets the room. Made of natural materials (wool, silk), and artificial (polypropylene, polyester, nylon). By analogy with the linoleum, can be produced in rolls, tiles. Is attached by means of nails, clamps, glue, double-sided tape.

The product has good noise insulation properties. The carpet is very soft and pleasant to navigate. Practically wears. Has a lot of colors, may contain images, designs, drawings. Carpets made of natural materials, environmentally friendly. It is the safest flooring.

The product requires regular cleaning, otherwise clogged dirt amongst the carpet fibers, which creates an inconvenience during operation. The material is sensitive to moisture, it does not tolerate exposure to solar radiation. It is not used in the kitchen, in the bathroom.

Marmoleum

Externally, the product is similar to linoleum, but Marmoleum is made from natural ingredients. It includes: linen, hemp oil, resin and wood flour, limestone, jute. When painting the top layer, different variants obtained texture. Produce a finished product in the form of tiles, panels, twisted rolls.

Product gives a long warranty period, which is more than twenty years. This coating can be used even in the nursery, thanks to natural ingredients, within its structure. The material is resistant to sunlight, has a high ignition threshold, insensitive to temperature changes. He does not get wet, it lies well over the old coating, perfectly decorates the room.

By cons include Marmoleum its rigidity. The product is very fragile, it can not be re-rolled into a roll. It features a large weight, the complexity of installation. It has a higher price, compared to non-natural counterparts.

cork flooring

The bark of an evergreen oak (cork), growing among the south-western states of Europe, and North Africa, is an excellent component for creating the finished product. In its manufacture the chopped raw material or a more expensive option - veneer. The structure resembles a cork cell, only instead of honey, they are filled with air.

The product is characterized by a non-standard structure. It has good elasticity, which is felt comfortable moving. Does not require additional insulation, thermal conductivity corresponds to the mineral wool panels. It has good sound insulation (dampens sound waves). It characterized by easy installation, low weight.

The main disadvantages of the material are its fragility, susceptibility to degradation, poor water resistance. Afraid flooring and direct rays emanating from the sun. Coating poorly compatible with other materials, especially rubber.

Ceramic tiles

The product represented by plates, which are made of fired clay. It is produced by injection molding, extrusion molding. Color stain product gains by applying the glaze layer. All tiles can be divided according to certain characteristics:

• raw material type. different clay is used in the manufacturing process (white, red, combined) with the addition of other minerals;
• The porosity of the structure. Highly porous product afraid of moisture;
• Coating type. The presence of the lacquer layer on the material surface.

Building material is indispensable for bathrooms, kitchens. It is neutral or low temperatures and in the presence of a warm floor system, tiles can be laid even in the room, the bedroom. Tile huge selection of different colors, it can be combined with any interior. He is also very strong, not afraid of water, at the end of ten years does not lose its original appearance.

Among the shortcomings can be identified cold coming from the surface. It is difficult to stack, in order to achieve a flat plane. On the surface it is always very visible seams, regardless of the skill of the person who made the installation.

self-leveling floor

The main criterion for determining the quality of the floor covering is a smooth surface, its strength. The slurry satisfies these requirements. Self-leveling floor has a monolithic structure consisting of three layers. Images, including 3D, which can be obtained using this building material is boundless.

The surface obtained with the liquid solution has many advantages. Filler field has high performance operational load. On the plane completely no seams, it is smooth, resistant to shock. This material does not burn, ensuring fire safety. Due to adhesion, it adheres well other foreign surfaces.

Among the shortcomings can be identified price floor. When filling is very little time to work with the material in a liquid state, have to work very quickly, so perform the installation with their own hands is problematic.

Table sex decking, their parameters

Coating	Stated service life, years	decorative qualities	Humidity resistance	The presence of seams	Application area
Linoleum	5-10	A large area of ​​decors	+	+	The whole house, except for infant
Laminate	5-15	Limited wood texture	+-	+	Hall, corridor
Parquet	40	+-	+	+	Besides bathrooms
Flooring, wall paneling	15-20	—	+	+	Do not use in the bathroom, kitchen non-insulated balconies
Board (parquet)	15-20	+-	+	+	Besides bathrooms
carpeting	5-10	Natural colors, a variety of patterns	—	+	In addition to the kitchen, bathroom, balcony
self-leveling floor	25-45	Huge selection of colors, different abstractions, images, 3D	+	—	Bathroom, dining room, hallway, corridor
Ceramics	to 20	Many colors, small pictures	+	+	Bathroom, dining room, balcony
Bung	to 10	A small selection of colors	—	+	In addition to bathrooms, bathroom, hallway
Marmolium	to 20	Natural colors, textures	+	+	Everywhere
liquid linoleum	before 18	a small selection	+	—	Bathroom, dining room, hallway

How to prepare the floor before the topcoat

Construction floor construction consists of several layers: finishing, rough. The first - a floor covering. The second - the basis for final sheathing, which includes several rows (a layer, plate, additional waterproofing, soundproofing, insulating layer). Materials for the rough layer may be:

• Wood-beamed ceilings. To lay a better basis in a private home, as it is suitable for terraces. Different designs such low weight that allows you to work with them personally. Wooden beams, joists are laid on the concrete base, they can and do serve as a base. Alignment using wedges unacceptable chips to the floor is not dipped, enclose metal. At the final stage of the tree is treated with antiseptics, cover sheet material (chipboard, particle board, OSB, plywood).
• Cement strainer. A budget option. It can be put on display, thermal layers, waterproofing. It is consisting of mixed cement with sand water. After pouring the solution aligns the rule, it is given dry. After the final coated layer.
• Semi-dry screed. It is a standard semi-dry concrete or cement mortar with a minimum amount of moisture. To prevent the occurrence of cracks therein, added fibrovolokno rate of 80 grams per bucket of water.
• Dry screed. They use different materials: expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite. The density of such bases is less than that of traditional, but it is enough even for heavily used rooms. Stacking is carried out by filling at subfloor dry raw material. Then it leveled and covered with sheets of fiberboard, chipboard.

floor Warming

Non-insulated floor will vyholazhivat room. He is the coolest place in the house as warm currents always rise upwards. Winter exist in such conditions generally uncomfortable. To solve this problem using special insulation: fiberglass, ecowool, plastics (polystyrene, expanded polystyrene). They can be used in the hall, kitchen-studio hallway. The only place where there is no use from them - Non-Glazed balcony. Consider a few options of heaters:

• Styrofoam. It occupies the bulk of the gas, so it has good insulating properties. Laid it on any base. Most suitable for placement over basements, open ground. It is possible to insulate the concrete floors.
• Mineral wool. Enumeration work with pictures (as a foam) is reduced to the installation of insulation between the wooden bars, which is mounted on top of the floor covering.

conclusion

Design solutions in interior arrangement leads to the search for the best materials for flooring. The construction market offers a wide range of finished products. There are even variations topcoat such as vinyl or polycarbonate. So, if you want, there is a huge variety of materials, it is possible to give an original look to any room of your own home.